BRITISH HISTORY AND CULTURE
This text complements the e-learning material entitled “THE UK 2006”.
It has been prepared for extra-mural (CŽV) students.
Stella Nangonová
Ostrava 2008
,List of less frequently used abbreviations:
A.D. = Anno Domini (našeho letopočtu)
B.C. = before Christ
b. = born
cca. = about
cc. = centuries
cf. = compare
i.e. = that is
p. = page
Further reading:
Lucie-Smith, Edward, et al.: The New British Painting. Oxford: OUP, 1988
McDowall, David: An Illustrated History of Britain. London: Longman, 1991
Morgan, Kenneth O., et al.: The Oxford Illustrated History of Britain. Oxford: OUP,
1985
Morgan, N.: Famous Scientists. Wayland, 1993
Scholes, P.A.: The Oxford Companion to Music. Oxford: OUP, 1989
Vesey, G. and Foulkes, P.: Collins Dictionary of Philosophy. London: HarperCollins
Publishers, 1990
Watkin, David: English Architecture. London: Thames and Hudson, 2002
Wilton, Andrew: Five Centuries of British Painting. London: Thames and Hudson, 2001
Yarwood, Doreen: The Architecture of Britain. London: Batsford, 1990
2
,LIST OF CONTENTS
A. A BRIEF SURVEY OF CHIEF EVENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE COURSE OF
BRITISH HISTORY 5
TH
A.1 FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE END OF THE 15 CENTURY 5
A.1.1 The mingling of the races 5
1.1.1 The Iberians and the Celts 5
1.1.2 Roman Britain 5
1.1.3 The Anglo-Saxon period 6
A.1.2 From the Norman Conquest to the Hundred Years War: the feudal state 7
A.1.3 From the outbreak of the Hundred Years War to the end of the Wars of the Roses:
the decay of feudalism 7
1.3.1 The Hundred Years War 8
1.3.2 The Black Death and the Peasants’ Revolt 8
1.3.3 The Wars of the Roses 8
Exercises 9
A.2 FROM THE TUDOR PERIOD TO THE END OF THE NAPOLEONIC WARS 10
A.2.1 The Tudor period 10
A.2.2 The Stuart era 11
2.2.1 The early Stuarts, the Civil War and the Republican period 11
2.2.2 From the restoration of the monarchy to the end of the Stuart era 11
2.2.3 The wars with France, the building of a colonial empire and the Industrial Revolution 11
I. Home and foreign policy 11
II. The Industrial Revolution 12
Exercises 12
A.3 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES 14
th
A.3.1 The 19 century 14
3.1.1 Home affairs 14
3.1.2 Foreign affairs and colonial expansion 15
3.1.3 Economy 15
th
A.3.2 The 20 century 15
3.2.1 Home affairs 15
3.2.2 Foreign affairs 16
3.2.3 Economy 17
Exercises 17
A.4 MAPS 18
A.5 INDEX AND GLOSSARY 24
B. A BRIEF SURVEY OF DEVELOPMENTS IN BRITISH CULTURE 31
B.1 MAIN ARCHITECTURAL STYLES IN BRITAIN AND LEADING BRITISH
ARCHITECTS 31
B.1.1 The Middle Ages 31
3
, B.1.2 The late Tudor and Stuart periods 33
B.1.3 English Baroque and Classicism 36
th
B.1.4 Victorian historicism and the 20 century 38
B.1.5 A list of architectural terms used in this subchapter 40
Exercises 43
B.2 GREAT PAINTERS AND SCULPTORS ACTIVE IN BRITAIN 45
th th
B.2.1 The 16 and 17 centuries 45
B.2.2 The 18th century 47
th
B.2.3 The 19 century 51
th
B.2.4 The 20 century 54
B.2.5 Glossary 56
Exercises 60
B.3 A SURVEY OF BRITISH PHILOSOPHICAL THINKING AND OF DEVELOPMENTS IN
SCIENCE AND MUSIC 61
B.3.1 Chief British philosophers and philosophical systems 61
B.3.2 Eminent British scientists and inventors 63
B.3.3 A brief outline of the development of British music 65
B.3.4 Index and Glossary 66
Exercises 69
C. KEY TO EXERCISES 71
4
This text complements the e-learning material entitled “THE UK 2006”.
It has been prepared for extra-mural (CŽV) students.
Stella Nangonová
Ostrava 2008
,List of less frequently used abbreviations:
A.D. = Anno Domini (našeho letopočtu)
B.C. = before Christ
b. = born
cca. = about
cc. = centuries
cf. = compare
i.e. = that is
p. = page
Further reading:
Lucie-Smith, Edward, et al.: The New British Painting. Oxford: OUP, 1988
McDowall, David: An Illustrated History of Britain. London: Longman, 1991
Morgan, Kenneth O., et al.: The Oxford Illustrated History of Britain. Oxford: OUP,
1985
Morgan, N.: Famous Scientists. Wayland, 1993
Scholes, P.A.: The Oxford Companion to Music. Oxford: OUP, 1989
Vesey, G. and Foulkes, P.: Collins Dictionary of Philosophy. London: HarperCollins
Publishers, 1990
Watkin, David: English Architecture. London: Thames and Hudson, 2002
Wilton, Andrew: Five Centuries of British Painting. London: Thames and Hudson, 2001
Yarwood, Doreen: The Architecture of Britain. London: Batsford, 1990
2
,LIST OF CONTENTS
A. A BRIEF SURVEY OF CHIEF EVENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE COURSE OF
BRITISH HISTORY 5
TH
A.1 FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE END OF THE 15 CENTURY 5
A.1.1 The mingling of the races 5
1.1.1 The Iberians and the Celts 5
1.1.2 Roman Britain 5
1.1.3 The Anglo-Saxon period 6
A.1.2 From the Norman Conquest to the Hundred Years War: the feudal state 7
A.1.3 From the outbreak of the Hundred Years War to the end of the Wars of the Roses:
the decay of feudalism 7
1.3.1 The Hundred Years War 8
1.3.2 The Black Death and the Peasants’ Revolt 8
1.3.3 The Wars of the Roses 8
Exercises 9
A.2 FROM THE TUDOR PERIOD TO THE END OF THE NAPOLEONIC WARS 10
A.2.1 The Tudor period 10
A.2.2 The Stuart era 11
2.2.1 The early Stuarts, the Civil War and the Republican period 11
2.2.2 From the restoration of the monarchy to the end of the Stuart era 11
2.2.3 The wars with France, the building of a colonial empire and the Industrial Revolution 11
I. Home and foreign policy 11
II. The Industrial Revolution 12
Exercises 12
A.3 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES 14
th
A.3.1 The 19 century 14
3.1.1 Home affairs 14
3.1.2 Foreign affairs and colonial expansion 15
3.1.3 Economy 15
th
A.3.2 The 20 century 15
3.2.1 Home affairs 15
3.2.2 Foreign affairs 16
3.2.3 Economy 17
Exercises 17
A.4 MAPS 18
A.5 INDEX AND GLOSSARY 24
B. A BRIEF SURVEY OF DEVELOPMENTS IN BRITISH CULTURE 31
B.1 MAIN ARCHITECTURAL STYLES IN BRITAIN AND LEADING BRITISH
ARCHITECTS 31
B.1.1 The Middle Ages 31
3
, B.1.2 The late Tudor and Stuart periods 33
B.1.3 English Baroque and Classicism 36
th
B.1.4 Victorian historicism and the 20 century 38
B.1.5 A list of architectural terms used in this subchapter 40
Exercises 43
B.2 GREAT PAINTERS AND SCULPTORS ACTIVE IN BRITAIN 45
th th
B.2.1 The 16 and 17 centuries 45
B.2.2 The 18th century 47
th
B.2.3 The 19 century 51
th
B.2.4 The 20 century 54
B.2.5 Glossary 56
Exercises 60
B.3 A SURVEY OF BRITISH PHILOSOPHICAL THINKING AND OF DEVELOPMENTS IN
SCIENCE AND MUSIC 61
B.3.1 Chief British philosophers and philosophical systems 61
B.3.2 Eminent British scientists and inventors 63
B.3.3 A brief outline of the development of British music 65
B.3.4 Index and Glossary 66
Exercises 69
C. KEY TO EXERCISES 71
4
