Solution Manual for Statistics for Nursing Research AWorkbook for Evidence-Based Practice, 3rd Edition,Susan Grove, Daisha Cipher

SolutionManualfor
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Statistics for Nursing
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gh Research A Workbook for
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gh 3rd Edition Susan Grove
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,The questions are in bold followed by answers.
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1. In Table 1, identify the level of measurement for the current therapy variable. Provide
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gha rationale for your answer.
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Answer: The current therapy variable was measured at the nominal level. These drug
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ghcategories were probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the
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ghcategories of drugs the subjects were receiving. However, the categories are not exclusive,
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ghsince patients are usually on more than one category of these drugs to manage
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g htheir health problems. The current therapies are not measured at the ordinal level
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ghbecause they cannot be rank ordered, since no drug category can be considered more or less
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ghbeneficial than another drug category (see Figure 1 -1; Grove & Gray, 2019).
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2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study? Provide
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a rationale for your answer.
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Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the cardiac
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patients were receiving this category of drug, which was the most common
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prescribed drug for this sample.
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3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in this
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ghsample? Discuss whether these analysis
gh techniques were appropriate or
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g hinappropriate.
Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI measurement
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resulted in ratio-level data with continuous values and an absolute zero (Stone &
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g hFrazier, 2017). Ratio - level data should be analyzed with parametric statistics such as the
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mean and SD (Grove & Gray, 2017; Knapp, 2017).
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4. Researchers used the following item to measure registered nurses’ (RNs) income in a
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ghstudy: What category identifies your current income as an RN?
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a. Less than $50,000 gh gh


b. $50,000 to 59,999 gh gh


c. $60,000 to 69,999 gh gh


d. $70,000 to 80,000 gh gh


e. $80,000 or greater gh gh




What level of measurement is this income variable? Does the income variable
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follow the rules outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a rationale for your answer.
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Answer: In this example, the income variable is measured at the ordinal level. The income
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catego- ries are exhaustive, ranging from less than $50,000 to greater than $80,000.
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ghThe two open-ended g h gh




AG 1-1 gh

,AG 1-2
gh Answer g h Guidelines g h for g h Questions g h to g h Be g h Graded


categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive, since
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catego- ries (d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants
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making $80,000 might mark either (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in
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gherroneous data. Category (e) could be changed to greater than $80,000, making
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the categories exclusive. The categories can be rank ordered from the lowest
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salary to the highest salary, which is consistent with ordinal data (Grove & Gray, 2019;
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Waltz et al., 2017).
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5. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for your answer.
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Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The CDS is
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a 26-item Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients. Study
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participants rated their symp- toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers indicating
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increased severity in the depression symptoms. The total scores for each subject
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obtained from this multi-item scale are considered to be at the interval level of
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measurement (Gray et al., 2017; Waltz et al., 2017).
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6. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS
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scores for the cardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your
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answer.
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Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS
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scoresfor study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-level data as indicated in
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Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this level of data (Gray et al., 2017;
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Kim & Mallory, 2017).
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7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the
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clinical importance of this result.
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Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased
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with the greater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were depressed,
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whereas 11% of the subjects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the NYHA class
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increased, the number of sub- jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding
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because as the NYHA class increases, cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms,
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which usually result in emotional distress, such as depression. Nurses need to actively assess
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cardiac patients for depression, especially those in higher NYHA classes, so they might
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be diagnosed and treated as needed.
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8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not
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being treated with an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your
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answer to the nearest whole percent (%).
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Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The sample
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included 15 patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see Table 1). The
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g hnumber of cardiac patients not treated for depression was 91 (106 – 15 =
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91).
gh The group g hpercent is calculatedby the following
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g hfrequency ÷ total sample size) × 100%.g h For this study,(91 patients ÷
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106 sample size) × 100% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The finalanswer is
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rounded to the nearest whole percent as directed in the question. You could
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havealso subtracted the 14% of patients treated with antidepressants from 100%
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and obtained the 86% who were not treated with an antidepressant.
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9. What was the purpose of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT)? Would the 6MWT be useful
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in clinical practice?
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Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, “The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is a measure of the
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submaximal, steady-state functional capacity” of cardiac patients. This test would be a quick,
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easy way to determine a cardiac patient’s functional status in a clinical setting. This
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functional statusscore could be used to determine the treatment plan to promote
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or maintain functional statusof cardiac patients.
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, Answer g h Guidelines g h for g h Questions g h to g h Be g h Graded AG 1-3
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10. How was exercise confidence measured in this study? What was the level of
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measurement for the exercise confidence variable in this study? Provide a
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rationale for your answer. Answer: Exercise confidence of the patients with heart
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ghfailure (HF) in this study was measured with the Exercise Confidence Scale that
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included four subscales focused on walking, climbing, lifting objects of graded
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weight, and running (see the study narrative). This was a rating scale with
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values ranging from 0 to 100. The patients’ scores for the Total Exercise Confidence
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ghscale and the subscales were considered interval-level data and analyzed with
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parametric statistics, such as means and SDs (see the study narrative; Waltz et al.,
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2017).
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