NUR 521 Module 7 Exam
Questions and Answers
When to withhold influenza vaccine - Answer- If the patient has an acute febrile illness.
When influenza vaccine can still be given - Answer- Mild illness without fever is not a
contraindication.
General vaccine patient teaching - Answer- Expect mild local reactions; fever may
occur; assess allergies before vaccination; avoid routine prophylactic acetaminophen
before vaccination; follow vaccine schedule.
Varicella vaccine teaching - Answer- Avoid aspirin for 6 weeks after vaccination and
avoid contact with high-risk susceptible individuals.
Influenza vaccine teaching - Answer- Annual vaccination recommended; high-risk
individuals should receive inactivated vaccine rather than live intranasal vaccine.
Mechanism of action of antihistamines - Answer- Antihistamines block H1 receptors to
prevent histamine from binding and causing allergic symptoms.
Do antihistamines prevent histamine release - Answer- No, they block histamine
receptors but do not prevent histamine release.
Classification of antihistamines - Answer- First-generation antihistamines and second-
generation antihistamines.
First-generation antihistamines characteristics - Answer- More sedating because they
cross the blood-brain barrier.
Second-generation antihistamines characteristics - Answer- Less sedating because
they are more selective for peripheral H1 receptors.
Examples of sedating antihistamines - Answer- Diphenhydramine, promethazine,
hydroxyzine, brompheniramine.
Examples of less sedating antihistamines - Answer- Cetirizine and fexofenadine.
Least sedating antihistamine - Answer- Fexofenadine.
, Cetirizine formulations - Answer- Oral tablet, chewable tablet, and orally disintegrating
tablet.
Role of IgE in allergic response - Answer- IgE antibodies bind to mast cells and
basophils after allergen exposure.
Role of histamine in allergic response - Answer- Histamine release causes symptoms
such as itching, rhinitis, and swelling through H1 receptors.
Populations that should avoid antihistamines - Answer- Infants, young children under 2
years for some drugs, breastfeeding mothers, and older adults due to sedation and
anticholinergic effects.
Cancer prototype drugs discussed - Answer- Tamoxifen, anastrozole, trastuzumab, and
leuprolide.
Tamoxifen drug class - Answer- Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM).
Tamoxifen mechanism of action - Answer- Blocks estrogen receptors in breast tissue
while acting as a partial agonist in other tissues.
Tamoxifen common adverse effects - Answer- Hot flashes, nausea, menstrual
irregularities, vaginal discharge, and fluid retention.
Tamoxifen serious adverse effects - Answer- Endometrial cancer, deep vein
thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and ocular changes.
Tamoxifen boxed warning - Answer- Endometrial cancer, pulmonary embolism, and
deep vein thrombosis.
Tamoxifen interaction - Answer- CYP2D6 inhibitors may decrease activation of
tamoxifen.
Tamoxifen patient education - Answer- Use nonhormonal contraception and report
abnormal vaginal bleeding or signs of blood clots.
Anastrozole drug class - Answer- Aromatase inhibitor.
Anastrozole mechanism of action - Answer- Inhibits aromatase enzyme preventing
conversion of androgens to estrogen.
Patient population for anastrozole - Answer- Postmenopausal women with estrogen
receptor positive breast cancer.
Anastrozole dosing - Answer- 1 mg orally once daily.
Questions and Answers
When to withhold influenza vaccine - Answer- If the patient has an acute febrile illness.
When influenza vaccine can still be given - Answer- Mild illness without fever is not a
contraindication.
General vaccine patient teaching - Answer- Expect mild local reactions; fever may
occur; assess allergies before vaccination; avoid routine prophylactic acetaminophen
before vaccination; follow vaccine schedule.
Varicella vaccine teaching - Answer- Avoid aspirin for 6 weeks after vaccination and
avoid contact with high-risk susceptible individuals.
Influenza vaccine teaching - Answer- Annual vaccination recommended; high-risk
individuals should receive inactivated vaccine rather than live intranasal vaccine.
Mechanism of action of antihistamines - Answer- Antihistamines block H1 receptors to
prevent histamine from binding and causing allergic symptoms.
Do antihistamines prevent histamine release - Answer- No, they block histamine
receptors but do not prevent histamine release.
Classification of antihistamines - Answer- First-generation antihistamines and second-
generation antihistamines.
First-generation antihistamines characteristics - Answer- More sedating because they
cross the blood-brain barrier.
Second-generation antihistamines characteristics - Answer- Less sedating because
they are more selective for peripheral H1 receptors.
Examples of sedating antihistamines - Answer- Diphenhydramine, promethazine,
hydroxyzine, brompheniramine.
Examples of less sedating antihistamines - Answer- Cetirizine and fexofenadine.
Least sedating antihistamine - Answer- Fexofenadine.
, Cetirizine formulations - Answer- Oral tablet, chewable tablet, and orally disintegrating
tablet.
Role of IgE in allergic response - Answer- IgE antibodies bind to mast cells and
basophils after allergen exposure.
Role of histamine in allergic response - Answer- Histamine release causes symptoms
such as itching, rhinitis, and swelling through H1 receptors.
Populations that should avoid antihistamines - Answer- Infants, young children under 2
years for some drugs, breastfeeding mothers, and older adults due to sedation and
anticholinergic effects.
Cancer prototype drugs discussed - Answer- Tamoxifen, anastrozole, trastuzumab, and
leuprolide.
Tamoxifen drug class - Answer- Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM).
Tamoxifen mechanism of action - Answer- Blocks estrogen receptors in breast tissue
while acting as a partial agonist in other tissues.
Tamoxifen common adverse effects - Answer- Hot flashes, nausea, menstrual
irregularities, vaginal discharge, and fluid retention.
Tamoxifen serious adverse effects - Answer- Endometrial cancer, deep vein
thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and ocular changes.
Tamoxifen boxed warning - Answer- Endometrial cancer, pulmonary embolism, and
deep vein thrombosis.
Tamoxifen interaction - Answer- CYP2D6 inhibitors may decrease activation of
tamoxifen.
Tamoxifen patient education - Answer- Use nonhormonal contraception and report
abnormal vaginal bleeding or signs of blood clots.
Anastrozole drug class - Answer- Aromatase inhibitor.
Anastrozole mechanism of action - Answer- Inhibits aromatase enzyme preventing
conversion of androgens to estrogen.
Patient population for anastrozole - Answer- Postmenopausal women with estrogen
receptor positive breast cancer.
Anastrozole dosing - Answer- 1 mg orally once daily.
