ACRP CCRP Exam Preparation 2025 Complete Study Guide and
Certification Revision Notes
Transformation of Variables - correct answer ✔✔the replacement of a variable
by a function of that variable: for example, replacing a variable x by the
square root of x or the logarithm of x. In a stronger sense, a transformation
is a replacement that changes the shape of a distribution or relationship.
Parallel Design - correct answer ✔✔Subjects are randomized to 2 or more tx
groups simultaneously
Crossover Design - correct answer ✔✔Subjects are randomized to a sequence of
treatments (like Abbott) example: treatment A, then treatment B
Pre-Post Design - correct answer ✔✔participants are measured on the
dependent variable before and after an intervention
Factorial Design - correct answer ✔✔Two or more treatments are evaluated
simultaneously (varying combinations of treatments) to study interaction
effects
Type I Error - correct answer ✔✔mistaken rejection of the null hypothesis
Type II Error - correct answer ✔✔failing to reject a false null hypothesis
Covariate - correct answer ✔✔Independent variable that can affect the
outcome of a trial, but is not of direct interest. Ex: age, gender
Blind Review - correct answer ✔✔occurs between trial completion and breaking
of the blind
Certification Revision Notes
Transformation of Variables - correct answer ✔✔the replacement of a variable
by a function of that variable: for example, replacing a variable x by the
square root of x or the logarithm of x. In a stronger sense, a transformation
is a replacement that changes the shape of a distribution or relationship.
Parallel Design - correct answer ✔✔Subjects are randomized to 2 or more tx
groups simultaneously
Crossover Design - correct answer ✔✔Subjects are randomized to a sequence of
treatments (like Abbott) example: treatment A, then treatment B
Pre-Post Design - correct answer ✔✔participants are measured on the
dependent variable before and after an intervention
Factorial Design - correct answer ✔✔Two or more treatments are evaluated
simultaneously (varying combinations of treatments) to study interaction
effects
Type I Error - correct answer ✔✔mistaken rejection of the null hypothesis
Type II Error - correct answer ✔✔failing to reject a false null hypothesis
Covariate - correct answer ✔✔Independent variable that can affect the
outcome of a trial, but is not of direct interest. Ex: age, gender
Blind Review - correct answer ✔✔occurs between trial completion and breaking
of the blind
