CARDIOVASCULAR AND HEMATOLOGY
CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026
▶ Cardio. Answer: Heart.
▶ Vascular. Answer: Blood vessels.
▶ Functions of the Cardiovascular System. Answer: Deliver oxygen,
nutrients, hormones; remove carbon dioxide, waste; maintain temperature,
pH balance, fluid balance.
▶ Key Idea of Cardiovascular System. Answer: If the system fails → cells
don't get oxygen → death.
▶ Heart Location. Answer: Between lungs in the mediastinum (middle
chest cavity).
▶ Heart Layers. Answer: 1. Epicardium (outer), 2. Myocardium (muscle →
MOST important), 3. Endocardium (inner lining).
▶ Myocardium. Answer: What actually pumps.
▶ Pericardium. Answer: Double-walled sac around heart that reduces
friction.
▶ Heart Chambers. Answer: 4 Chambers: Atria (top) = receive blood;
Ventricles (bottom) = pump blood.
▶ Left Ventricle. Answer: Strongest chamber that pumps to the whole
body.
▶ Heart Valves. Answer: 4 Valves (ONE WAY FLOW): Tricuspid,
Pulmonary, Mitral/Bicuspid, Aortic.
▶ Blood Flow Pathway. Answer: 1. Body → Superior/Inferior Vena Cava,
2. Right Atrium, 3. Tricuspid Valve, 4. Right Ventricle, 5. Pulmonary Valve,
CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026
▶ Cardio. Answer: Heart.
▶ Vascular. Answer: Blood vessels.
▶ Functions of the Cardiovascular System. Answer: Deliver oxygen,
nutrients, hormones; remove carbon dioxide, waste; maintain temperature,
pH balance, fluid balance.
▶ Key Idea of Cardiovascular System. Answer: If the system fails → cells
don't get oxygen → death.
▶ Heart Location. Answer: Between lungs in the mediastinum (middle
chest cavity).
▶ Heart Layers. Answer: 1. Epicardium (outer), 2. Myocardium (muscle →
MOST important), 3. Endocardium (inner lining).
▶ Myocardium. Answer: What actually pumps.
▶ Pericardium. Answer: Double-walled sac around heart that reduces
friction.
▶ Heart Chambers. Answer: 4 Chambers: Atria (top) = receive blood;
Ventricles (bottom) = pump blood.
▶ Left Ventricle. Answer: Strongest chamber that pumps to the whole
body.
▶ Heart Valves. Answer: 4 Valves (ONE WAY FLOW): Tricuspid,
Pulmonary, Mitral/Bicuspid, Aortic.
▶ Blood Flow Pathway. Answer: 1. Body → Superior/Inferior Vena Cava,
2. Right Atrium, 3. Tricuspid Valve, 4. Right Ventricle, 5. Pulmonary Valve,