CBH3004 Exam 3 Study Guide
📘 CHAPTER 8: Social Cognition & Self-Awareness
Key Concepts
● Self-recognition: Tested with the mark test (Gordon Gallup). Not all animals pass it.
○ Varies by age, development, culture, and experience (mirrors and marks).
○ MSR ≠ self-awareness, may reflect a simpler own-body concept.
● Theory of Mind: Understanding others' mental states.
○ Tested with knower-guesser tasks, cooperative tasks, and begging tests.
○ Dogs show sensitivity to gestures and gaze, likely due to convergent
evolution.
● Social cues: Different from signals; both are ways information is shared.
○ Eyes, not just gestures, convey important info.
○ Survival and fitness depends on interpreting behavioral cues.
○ Example: birds re-caching food when observed.
Tied Practice Questions
● Q1: Culture affects MSR in humans.
● Q2: Theory of Mind definition.
● Q3–Q6: Mark test, mirror experience, own-body concept.
● Q7: Interpreting cues is critical for survival.
● Q8: Signal vs cue.
● Q9–Q11: Dogs as a model; convergent evolution; social companion.
, ● Q12–Q15: Genetics + experience; importance of gaze; Kitui's alarm call = associative
learning.
● Q17–Q18: Knower-guesser tasks, criticism of chimp ToM tests.
📘 CHAPTER 9: Social Learning
Key Concepts
● Social learning: Must be a learned, socially transmitted, and persistent behavior.
● Social facilitation vs. enhancement:
○ Facilitation: Presence of others increases behavior (e.g. eating).
○ Enhancement:
■ Stimulus enhancement = interact with object.
■ Local enhancement = approach location.
● Affordance learning: Learn how environment works through observation.
● Imitation vs. Emulation:
○ Imitation: Match topography of actions.
○ Emulation: Achieve the same result, actions may differ.
● "Do as I do" test: Chimpanzees, elephants, dogs, dolphins.
● Teaching:
○ Must meet 3 criteria (Caro & Hauser).
○ Examples: meerkats, ants, 1 chimpanzee.
○ Passive demonstration ≠ teaching.
Tied Practice Questions
📘 CHAPTER 8: Social Cognition & Self-Awareness
Key Concepts
● Self-recognition: Tested with the mark test (Gordon Gallup). Not all animals pass it.
○ Varies by age, development, culture, and experience (mirrors and marks).
○ MSR ≠ self-awareness, may reflect a simpler own-body concept.
● Theory of Mind: Understanding others' mental states.
○ Tested with knower-guesser tasks, cooperative tasks, and begging tests.
○ Dogs show sensitivity to gestures and gaze, likely due to convergent
evolution.
● Social cues: Different from signals; both are ways information is shared.
○ Eyes, not just gestures, convey important info.
○ Survival and fitness depends on interpreting behavioral cues.
○ Example: birds re-caching food when observed.
Tied Practice Questions
● Q1: Culture affects MSR in humans.
● Q2: Theory of Mind definition.
● Q3–Q6: Mark test, mirror experience, own-body concept.
● Q7: Interpreting cues is critical for survival.
● Q8: Signal vs cue.
● Q9–Q11: Dogs as a model; convergent evolution; social companion.
, ● Q12–Q15: Genetics + experience; importance of gaze; Kitui's alarm call = associative
learning.
● Q17–Q18: Knower-guesser tasks, criticism of chimp ToM tests.
📘 CHAPTER 9: Social Learning
Key Concepts
● Social learning: Must be a learned, socially transmitted, and persistent behavior.
● Social facilitation vs. enhancement:
○ Facilitation: Presence of others increases behavior (e.g. eating).
○ Enhancement:
■ Stimulus enhancement = interact with object.
■ Local enhancement = approach location.
● Affordance learning: Learn how environment works through observation.
● Imitation vs. Emulation:
○ Imitation: Match topography of actions.
○ Emulation: Achieve the same result, actions may differ.
● "Do as I do" test: Chimpanzees, elephants, dogs, dolphins.
● Teaching:
○ Must meet 3 criteria (Caro & Hauser).
○ Examples: meerkats, ants, 1 chimpanzee.
○ Passive demonstration ≠ teaching.
Tied Practice Questions
