HESI A2 A AND P MIDTERM
EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Which might you expect to see in a whiplash injury?
A. Cardiopulmonary problems
B. Side-to-side spinal curvature
C. Eventual herniation of discs
D. Traumatic injury to ligaments - answer- D. Because of the hyperflexion and
hyperextension caused by such a collision, it is not uncommon to find tears or stretching of the
ligaments of the spine. The injury is front-to-back, making choice B unlikely, and a herniated disc
(choice C) is more of a compression injury.
Muscle contractions that normally move food along the human digestive system are known as
________.
A. defecation
B. osmosis
C. peristalsis
D. circulation - answer- C. Defecation(choice A) is the elimination of waste. Osmosis
(choice B) is the movement of molecules across a membrane. Circulation (choice D) is the
movement of blood through the body. Peristalsis (choice C) is the involuntary, wavelike
movement of muscles in the intestine and elsewhere that pushes food along.
Which is an anterior muscle?
A. Gluteus maximus
,B. Quadriceps femoris
C. Biceps femoris
D. Adductor magnus - answer- B. An anterior muscle is located near the front of the body.
Of those listed, the quadriceps( frontal thigh muscle) is the most anterior.
How might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury?
A. By limiting hyperflexion of the neck
B. By limiting hyperextension of the neck
C. By reducing vertebral compression
D. By preventing disc degeneration - answer- B. The headrest prevents the head from
moving too far backward, or hyperextending the neck beyond its normal range.
Which type of nutrient does not provide the body with energy?
A. Vitamin
B. Carbohydrate
C. Fat
D. Protein - answer- A. Some nutrients supply energy, and others support metabolism.
Nutrients in the first set include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Those in the secound set
include vitamins, minerals, and water.
Where would you be likely to find a Schwann cell?
A. In the digestive system
B. In the nervous system
C. In the skeletal system
D. In the muscular system - answer- B. Schwann cells wrap around the nerve fibers and
form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system.
,How does the nervous system work with the muscular system?
A. The muscles of the body produce chemicals that feed the nerves.
B. The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment.
C. The nervous system releases chemicals that remove excess waste from the muscles.
D. The muscular system provides input that allows the nerves to make decisions. - answer-
B. The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It receives and
transmits signals from the environment that regulate voluntary and involuntary movement.
Of the following processes, which one is a different level of defense from the others?
A. A low pH in the stomach
B. Cilia present in the trachea
C. Body cells recognizing a pathogen
D. Mucus present in the nasal cavity - answer- C. A low pH in the stomach (choice A), cilia
in the trachea (choice B), and mucus (D) are primary defenses. Cells recognizing a pathogen
(choice C) is a third line of defense.
Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating muscle growth?
A. The skeletal system
B. The endocrine system
C. The nervous system
D. The reproductive system - answer- B. Hormones from the endocrine system,
particularly from the pituitary gland, regulate growth.
Which parts of the heart are separated by the mitral valve?
A. Left atrium and right atrium
, B. Right atrium and right extremities
C. Left ventricle and right ventricle
D. Left atrium and left ventricle - answer- D. The mitral valve opens to allow oxygenated
blood collected in the left atrium to flow into the left ventricle
How might vitamin D deficiency present?
A. As bleeding gums
B. As swollen extremities
C. As red patches
D. As crooked bones - answer- D. The disease known as rickets is a product of vitamin D
deficiency and results in the softening and bending of bones.
How does the lymphatic system work with the circulatory system?
A. The circulatory system produces red blood cells for the lymphatic system.
B. Lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels.
C. The heart regulates the production of lymph in the lymph glands.
D. White cells from the lymphatic system eliminate excess red blood cells. - answer- B.
One of the jobs of the lymphatic system is to prevent excess fluid from accumulating in tissues
by collecting it and moving it into the circulatory system via the brachiocephalic veins.
What is the function of parathyroid hormone?
A. Increasing energy levels
B. Stimulating cell reproduction
C. Speeding up metabolism
D. Activating vitamin D - answer- D. The parathyroid hormone regulates calcium in the
body through several means, one of which is increasing the production of activated vitamin D.
EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Which might you expect to see in a whiplash injury?
A. Cardiopulmonary problems
B. Side-to-side spinal curvature
C. Eventual herniation of discs
D. Traumatic injury to ligaments - answer- D. Because of the hyperflexion and
hyperextension caused by such a collision, it is not uncommon to find tears or stretching of the
ligaments of the spine. The injury is front-to-back, making choice B unlikely, and a herniated disc
(choice C) is more of a compression injury.
Muscle contractions that normally move food along the human digestive system are known as
________.
A. defecation
B. osmosis
C. peristalsis
D. circulation - answer- C. Defecation(choice A) is the elimination of waste. Osmosis
(choice B) is the movement of molecules across a membrane. Circulation (choice D) is the
movement of blood through the body. Peristalsis (choice C) is the involuntary, wavelike
movement of muscles in the intestine and elsewhere that pushes food along.
Which is an anterior muscle?
A. Gluteus maximus
,B. Quadriceps femoris
C. Biceps femoris
D. Adductor magnus - answer- B. An anterior muscle is located near the front of the body.
Of those listed, the quadriceps( frontal thigh muscle) is the most anterior.
How might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury?
A. By limiting hyperflexion of the neck
B. By limiting hyperextension of the neck
C. By reducing vertebral compression
D. By preventing disc degeneration - answer- B. The headrest prevents the head from
moving too far backward, or hyperextending the neck beyond its normal range.
Which type of nutrient does not provide the body with energy?
A. Vitamin
B. Carbohydrate
C. Fat
D. Protein - answer- A. Some nutrients supply energy, and others support metabolism.
Nutrients in the first set include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Those in the secound set
include vitamins, minerals, and water.
Where would you be likely to find a Schwann cell?
A. In the digestive system
B. In the nervous system
C. In the skeletal system
D. In the muscular system - answer- B. Schwann cells wrap around the nerve fibers and
form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system.
,How does the nervous system work with the muscular system?
A. The muscles of the body produce chemicals that feed the nerves.
B. The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment.
C. The nervous system releases chemicals that remove excess waste from the muscles.
D. The muscular system provides input that allows the nerves to make decisions. - answer-
B. The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It receives and
transmits signals from the environment that regulate voluntary and involuntary movement.
Of the following processes, which one is a different level of defense from the others?
A. A low pH in the stomach
B. Cilia present in the trachea
C. Body cells recognizing a pathogen
D. Mucus present in the nasal cavity - answer- C. A low pH in the stomach (choice A), cilia
in the trachea (choice B), and mucus (D) are primary defenses. Cells recognizing a pathogen
(choice C) is a third line of defense.
Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating muscle growth?
A. The skeletal system
B. The endocrine system
C. The nervous system
D. The reproductive system - answer- B. Hormones from the endocrine system,
particularly from the pituitary gland, regulate growth.
Which parts of the heart are separated by the mitral valve?
A. Left atrium and right atrium
, B. Right atrium and right extremities
C. Left ventricle and right ventricle
D. Left atrium and left ventricle - answer- D. The mitral valve opens to allow oxygenated
blood collected in the left atrium to flow into the left ventricle
How might vitamin D deficiency present?
A. As bleeding gums
B. As swollen extremities
C. As red patches
D. As crooked bones - answer- D. The disease known as rickets is a product of vitamin D
deficiency and results in the softening and bending of bones.
How does the lymphatic system work with the circulatory system?
A. The circulatory system produces red blood cells for the lymphatic system.
B. Lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels.
C. The heart regulates the production of lymph in the lymph glands.
D. White cells from the lymphatic system eliminate excess red blood cells. - answer- B.
One of the jobs of the lymphatic system is to prevent excess fluid from accumulating in tissues
by collecting it and moving it into the circulatory system via the brachiocephalic veins.
What is the function of parathyroid hormone?
A. Increasing energy levels
B. Stimulating cell reproduction
C. Speeding up metabolism
D. Activating vitamin D - answer- D. The parathyroid hormone regulates calcium in the
body through several means, one of which is increasing the production of activated vitamin D.
