NSG318 / NSG 318 EXAM 1
Introduction to Pharmacology - GCU
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
100% Guarantee Pass.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
,What are the 3 liver enzymes?
Correct Answer:
Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Expert Rationale:
AST, ALT, and ALP are primary biomarkers measured to assess hepatic function. AST and
ALT are intracellular enzymes released into the circulation following hepatocellular injury
and are crucial for evaluating hepatocellular damage. ALP, while found in the liver, also
exists in bone and other tissues and can be elevated in conditions affecting bile flow
(cholestasis). Comprehensive assessment of liver dysfunction relies on evaluating all three in
conjunction with clinical presentation.
---
What method of administration is putting a tablet under the tongue?
Correct Answer:
Sublingual
Expert Rationale:
The sublingual route involves placing medication under the tongue for absorption via the
rich vascular supply. This bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic first-pass
metabolism, thus facilitating more rapid and efficient systemic drug availability.
---
What lab test reflects the function of the kidney?
, Correct Answer:
Creatinine
Expert Rationale:
Serum creatinine is a key marker of renal function, as its concentration in blood increases
with renal impairment. Because creatinine is primarily filtered by the glomerulus and only
minimally secreted by renal tubules, changes in its concentration are a sensitive indicator of
glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
---
Decreased responsiveness of a drug over the course of therapy is the definition of what?
Correct Answer:
Tolerance
Expert Rationale:
Tolerance refers to a pharmacological phenomenon where sustained drug exposure results in
decreased efficacy, requiring higher doses to achieve the same therapeutic effect. It is distinct
from dependence or addiction, and can develop with various drug classes, notably opioids
and benzodiazepines.
---
Tachyphylaxis
Introduction to Pharmacology - GCU
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
100% Guarantee Pass.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
,What are the 3 liver enzymes?
Correct Answer:
Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Expert Rationale:
AST, ALT, and ALP are primary biomarkers measured to assess hepatic function. AST and
ALT are intracellular enzymes released into the circulation following hepatocellular injury
and are crucial for evaluating hepatocellular damage. ALP, while found in the liver, also
exists in bone and other tissues and can be elevated in conditions affecting bile flow
(cholestasis). Comprehensive assessment of liver dysfunction relies on evaluating all three in
conjunction with clinical presentation.
---
What method of administration is putting a tablet under the tongue?
Correct Answer:
Sublingual
Expert Rationale:
The sublingual route involves placing medication under the tongue for absorption via the
rich vascular supply. This bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic first-pass
metabolism, thus facilitating more rapid and efficient systemic drug availability.
---
What lab test reflects the function of the kidney?
, Correct Answer:
Creatinine
Expert Rationale:
Serum creatinine is a key marker of renal function, as its concentration in blood increases
with renal impairment. Because creatinine is primarily filtered by the glomerulus and only
minimally secreted by renal tubules, changes in its concentration are a sensitive indicator of
glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
---
Decreased responsiveness of a drug over the course of therapy is the definition of what?
Correct Answer:
Tolerance
Expert Rationale:
Tolerance refers to a pharmacological phenomenon where sustained drug exposure results in
decreased efficacy, requiring higher doses to achieve the same therapeutic effect. It is distinct
from dependence or addiction, and can develop with various drug classes, notably opioids
and benzodiazepines.
---
Tachyphylaxis
