Test Bank for Society: The Basics, 17th
Edition by John J. Macionis
Sociology - answer-systematic study of human society.
Sociological Perspective - answer-seeing the general in the particular. General patterns of
society in the lives of particular people.
Origin of Sociology - answer-French social thinker, August Comte coined term to describe new
way of thinking (about the workings of society).
Emile Durkheim - answer-Study of Suicide. Social Integration: Categories of people with strong
social ties had a lower rate of suicide and individualistic people has higher rates.
C. Wright Mills - answer-Great Depression. Periods of rapid change or crisis leave people feeling
off balance, encouraging us to use sociological perspective.
Global Perspective - answer-the study of the larger world and our society's place in it.
High-income countries - answer-Nations with the highest overall standards of living. Ex. US,
Canada, Israel.
Middle-income countries - answer-Nations with a standard of living about average for the world
as a whole. Ex. South Africa, Peru.
Low-income countries - answer-Nations with a low standard of living in which most people are
1
, poor. Ex. much of Africa/Asia.
Lenore Weitzman - answer-Divorced women and income. Helped shape public policy in
divorces.
Development of Sociology - answer-1. Rise of Factory Based Economy
2. Explosive Growth of Cities
3. New Ideas about democracy and Political Rights
Three stages of Sociology's Historical Development - answer-1. Theological- people took
religious view society expressed God's will.
2. Metaphysical- people saw society as a natural rather than a supernatural phenomenon.
3. Scientific- people applied a scientific approach to study the physical world. (the study of
society).
Positivism - answer-August Comte. A scientific approach to knowledge based on "positive" facts
as opposed to mere speculation.
Theory - answer-A statement of how and why specific facts are related.
Theoretical Approach - answer-A basic image of society that guides thinking and research. Three
approaches: Structural-functional approach, the social-conflict approach, and Symbolic-
interaction approach.
Structural-Functional Approach - answer-A framework for building theory that sees society as a
complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. Points to Social
Structure and Social Functions.
2
Edition by John J. Macionis
Sociology - answer-systematic study of human society.
Sociological Perspective - answer-seeing the general in the particular. General patterns of
society in the lives of particular people.
Origin of Sociology - answer-French social thinker, August Comte coined term to describe new
way of thinking (about the workings of society).
Emile Durkheim - answer-Study of Suicide. Social Integration: Categories of people with strong
social ties had a lower rate of suicide and individualistic people has higher rates.
C. Wright Mills - answer-Great Depression. Periods of rapid change or crisis leave people feeling
off balance, encouraging us to use sociological perspective.
Global Perspective - answer-the study of the larger world and our society's place in it.
High-income countries - answer-Nations with the highest overall standards of living. Ex. US,
Canada, Israel.
Middle-income countries - answer-Nations with a standard of living about average for the world
as a whole. Ex. South Africa, Peru.
Low-income countries - answer-Nations with a low standard of living in which most people are
1
, poor. Ex. much of Africa/Asia.
Lenore Weitzman - answer-Divorced women and income. Helped shape public policy in
divorces.
Development of Sociology - answer-1. Rise of Factory Based Economy
2. Explosive Growth of Cities
3. New Ideas about democracy and Political Rights
Three stages of Sociology's Historical Development - answer-1. Theological- people took
religious view society expressed God's will.
2. Metaphysical- people saw society as a natural rather than a supernatural phenomenon.
3. Scientific- people applied a scientific approach to study the physical world. (the study of
society).
Positivism - answer-August Comte. A scientific approach to knowledge based on "positive" facts
as opposed to mere speculation.
Theory - answer-A statement of how and why specific facts are related.
Theoretical Approach - answer-A basic image of society that guides thinking and research. Three
approaches: Structural-functional approach, the social-conflict approach, and Symbolic-
interaction approach.
Structural-Functional Approach - answer-A framework for building theory that sees society as a
complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. Points to Social
Structure and Social Functions.
2
