PGA PGM 3.0 LEVEL 3 TEST EXAM 2026
REVISION NOTES AND STRUCTURED GOLF
PROFESSIONAL MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW
GUIDE
◉ Based on research, at what speed should a skill be mentally
rehearsed prior to actual performance? Answer: The same as actual
performance (the same speed)
◉ What is an effective means of helping a beginner to use motor
imagery to improve performance? Answer: Combine with physical
performance
◉ What situation justifies substituting mental practice for physical
practice? Answer: When the student cannot physically practice
◉ According to research, what will optimize performance when
combining mental and physical practice? Answer: Recall past shots,
execute prior memory
◉ What is an example of "Form Focus of Attention"? Answer: Stance,
ball position, posture
,◉ What is an example of retroactive transfer? Answer: Subsequent
learning of a skill affects ability to perform previous acquired skill
◉ What is the influence of a previous skill on the current skill to be
learned regardless of whether the influence is positive or negative?
Answer: Proactive transfer
◉ Addison has acquired a new student who previously played ice
hockey. During the opening interview, Addison asks questions to find
out ways he can take advantage of previous learning, what skills to
teach, and what order to teach them. This is an example of what
learning transfer concept? Answer: Proactive transfer
◉ What determines the transfer of golf skill learning? Answer: Time,
structural similarity, skills and goals, skill level
◉ What conditions lead to greater learning transfer? Answer:
Same/similar conditions, same/similar skills
◉ What term is used to describe transferring a learned skill of a 20-
foot chip onto a practice green to a 50-foot chip on the same practice
green? Answer: Response generalization
,◉ What type of transfer likely occurs when applying the skill of a 20-
foot chip learned in practice to a situation for a 20-foot chip in a club
championship tournament? Answer: Slightly positive transfer
◉ What term is used to describe learning the skill of putting on a
practice green and effectively transferring to various greens on the
golf course? Answer: Stimulus generalization
◉ How is the "transfer effect" most likely to influence a situation
where a player with an over-the-top down swing is being taught to
drop the club below the shaft plane? Answer: Negatively
◉ A student and his coach have been practicing high pitch shots
from tight lies that he expects to find on the golf course for an
upcoming tournament. What best describes the learning transfer
concept involved in this situation? Answer: Stimulus generalization
◉ A relatively new golfer has taken a series of golf lessons beginning
with putting, then chipping, then pitching, and most recently full
swing with his irons. He has been able to transfer the relationship of
impact from previous lessons to his full swing. Why has this student
succeeded in his golf learning? Answer: Learning was retained and
positively transferred between lessons
, ◉ What approach is recommended to optimize learning transfer of a
golf skill? Answer: Simulating practice at a level of difficulty that is
similar to actual playing conditions
◉ What is an example of a pre-swing adjustment? Answer: Posture,
ball position, grip, alignment
◉ Are some pre-swing changes that influence swing execution more
challenging to learn and implement than others? (True/False)
Answer: True
◉ What adjustments are recommended prior to making in-swing
adjustments? Answer: Pre-swing adjustments
◉ What types of changes are easiest to learn and often result in
rapid improvement in performance? Answer: Pre-swing adjustments
◉ What is lacking when newly introduced swing changes are lost
between lessons? Answer: The amount of neural change
◉ A student has been coming over the top on the downswing and is
trying to change his movement in the opposite direction by dropping
the club to the inside on the downswing. What will most likely
occur? Answer: Negative transfer effect, interference with the new
swing
REVISION NOTES AND STRUCTURED GOLF
PROFESSIONAL MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW
GUIDE
◉ Based on research, at what speed should a skill be mentally
rehearsed prior to actual performance? Answer: The same as actual
performance (the same speed)
◉ What is an effective means of helping a beginner to use motor
imagery to improve performance? Answer: Combine with physical
performance
◉ What situation justifies substituting mental practice for physical
practice? Answer: When the student cannot physically practice
◉ According to research, what will optimize performance when
combining mental and physical practice? Answer: Recall past shots,
execute prior memory
◉ What is an example of "Form Focus of Attention"? Answer: Stance,
ball position, posture
,◉ What is an example of retroactive transfer? Answer: Subsequent
learning of a skill affects ability to perform previous acquired skill
◉ What is the influence of a previous skill on the current skill to be
learned regardless of whether the influence is positive or negative?
Answer: Proactive transfer
◉ Addison has acquired a new student who previously played ice
hockey. During the opening interview, Addison asks questions to find
out ways he can take advantage of previous learning, what skills to
teach, and what order to teach them. This is an example of what
learning transfer concept? Answer: Proactive transfer
◉ What determines the transfer of golf skill learning? Answer: Time,
structural similarity, skills and goals, skill level
◉ What conditions lead to greater learning transfer? Answer:
Same/similar conditions, same/similar skills
◉ What term is used to describe transferring a learned skill of a 20-
foot chip onto a practice green to a 50-foot chip on the same practice
green? Answer: Response generalization
,◉ What type of transfer likely occurs when applying the skill of a 20-
foot chip learned in practice to a situation for a 20-foot chip in a club
championship tournament? Answer: Slightly positive transfer
◉ What term is used to describe learning the skill of putting on a
practice green and effectively transferring to various greens on the
golf course? Answer: Stimulus generalization
◉ How is the "transfer effect" most likely to influence a situation
where a player with an over-the-top down swing is being taught to
drop the club below the shaft plane? Answer: Negatively
◉ A student and his coach have been practicing high pitch shots
from tight lies that he expects to find on the golf course for an
upcoming tournament. What best describes the learning transfer
concept involved in this situation? Answer: Stimulus generalization
◉ A relatively new golfer has taken a series of golf lessons beginning
with putting, then chipping, then pitching, and most recently full
swing with his irons. He has been able to transfer the relationship of
impact from previous lessons to his full swing. Why has this student
succeeded in his golf learning? Answer: Learning was retained and
positively transferred between lessons
, ◉ What approach is recommended to optimize learning transfer of a
golf skill? Answer: Simulating practice at a level of difficulty that is
similar to actual playing conditions
◉ What is an example of a pre-swing adjustment? Answer: Posture,
ball position, grip, alignment
◉ Are some pre-swing changes that influence swing execution more
challenging to learn and implement than others? (True/False)
Answer: True
◉ What adjustments are recommended prior to making in-swing
adjustments? Answer: Pre-swing adjustments
◉ What types of changes are easiest to learn and often result in
rapid improvement in performance? Answer: Pre-swing adjustments
◉ What is lacking when newly introduced swing changes are lost
between lessons? Answer: The amount of neural change
◉ A student has been coming over the top on the downswing and is
trying to change his movement in the opposite direction by dropping
the club to the inside on the downswing. What will most likely
occur? Answer: Negative transfer effect, interference with the new
swing
