NUR155 EXAM 2 EXAM PREP STUDY GUIDE
2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
REVIEWED
◉ Albumin. Answer: Used to determine liver function. Is synthesized
in the liver and accounts for almost half of the total serum protein in
the body. Levels should be included on the initial chemistry profile
for nutritional screening purposes and monitored during
hospitalization to determine the presence of an ample supply of
protein over an extended period of time. The synthesis of protein
may be affected by non nutritional factors such as cirrhosis, acute
stress, congestive heart failure, and hypoxia. Decreased levels may
be caused by renal and liver disorders, altered fluid status,
medications, chronic diseases, and malnutrition. Elevated levels may
result from decreased fluid balance, exercise, or medications.
◉ Transferrin. Answer: Transports iron in the body and is sensitive
to a decrease in protein and iron stores, as seen in iron deficiency
anemia and kwashiorkor. Levels may be elevated in acute fasting,
chronic infection, inflammation, burns, or pernicious anemia. Levels
elevate as iron deficiency worsens and decrease as the iron level
responds to treatment and returns to within an acceptable range
◉ Hemoglobin. Answer: Laboratory values are used to identify the
number and percentage of circulating erythrocytes, their ability to
provide oxygen to the cells, and the body's iron store status. Iron is
,essential. It assists in gas exchange within the lungs and helps meet
the oxygen demands of the body. If iron stores are depleted, less
oxygen is available to meet the demands of the body, resulting in
signs and symptoms such as fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, and
rapid respirations. Iron deficiency anemia indicated by low levels
usually is treated by providing iron in the form of oral supplements
or intramuscular injections. In severe circumstances, iron may be
administered intravenously. People with low levels should be
encouraged to increase their intake of foods that are high in iron,
such as liver, dark green leafy vegetables, seafood, and bran.
◉ Hemoglobin. Answer: Laboratory values are used to identify the
number and percentage of circulating erythrocytes, their ability to
provide oxygen to the cells, and the body's iron status. Indicates the
number and size of the red blood cells found in whole blood and are
expressed as the percentage of total blood balance occupied by the
erythrocytes. Low levels are indicative of anemia. The size and shape
of the red blood cell can be related to the type of anemia from which
a person is suffering.
◉ Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine. Answer: Commonly
ordered together as part of a basic or comprehensive metabolic
profile. Are used to primarily to evaluate kidney function in people
with disease processes known to affect the kidneys, such as diabetes
or hypertension. Levels determine the extent of kidney dysfunction,
its progression, and the effectiveness of treatment. Elevated levels
may be a result of dehydration, atherosclerosis, or injury to the
kidneys from infection or trauma.
, ◉ Lab Value: Prealbumin (mg/dL). Answer: Half-Life (Days): 2
Normal: 16-30
Mild: 10-15
Moderate: 5-10
Severe: Less than 5
◉ Lab Value: Albumin (g/dL). Answer: Half-Life (Days): 21
Normal: 3.5-5
Mild: 2.8-3.5
Moderate: 2.1-2.7
Severe: Less than 2.1
◉ Lab Value: Transferrin (mg/dL). Answer: Half-Life (Days): 8-9
Normal: 200-400
Mild: 150-200
Moderate: 100-150
Severe: Less than 100
◉ Constipation. Answer: Hard stools from the slow progression of
digested food through the GI tract. Lack of fluids or fiber can create
dry, hardened feces and make evacuation of the bowel difficult.
2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
REVIEWED
◉ Albumin. Answer: Used to determine liver function. Is synthesized
in the liver and accounts for almost half of the total serum protein in
the body. Levels should be included on the initial chemistry profile
for nutritional screening purposes and monitored during
hospitalization to determine the presence of an ample supply of
protein over an extended period of time. The synthesis of protein
may be affected by non nutritional factors such as cirrhosis, acute
stress, congestive heart failure, and hypoxia. Decreased levels may
be caused by renal and liver disorders, altered fluid status,
medications, chronic diseases, and malnutrition. Elevated levels may
result from decreased fluid balance, exercise, or medications.
◉ Transferrin. Answer: Transports iron in the body and is sensitive
to a decrease in protein and iron stores, as seen in iron deficiency
anemia and kwashiorkor. Levels may be elevated in acute fasting,
chronic infection, inflammation, burns, or pernicious anemia. Levels
elevate as iron deficiency worsens and decrease as the iron level
responds to treatment and returns to within an acceptable range
◉ Hemoglobin. Answer: Laboratory values are used to identify the
number and percentage of circulating erythrocytes, their ability to
provide oxygen to the cells, and the body's iron store status. Iron is
,essential. It assists in gas exchange within the lungs and helps meet
the oxygen demands of the body. If iron stores are depleted, less
oxygen is available to meet the demands of the body, resulting in
signs and symptoms such as fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, and
rapid respirations. Iron deficiency anemia indicated by low levels
usually is treated by providing iron in the form of oral supplements
or intramuscular injections. In severe circumstances, iron may be
administered intravenously. People with low levels should be
encouraged to increase their intake of foods that are high in iron,
such as liver, dark green leafy vegetables, seafood, and bran.
◉ Hemoglobin. Answer: Laboratory values are used to identify the
number and percentage of circulating erythrocytes, their ability to
provide oxygen to the cells, and the body's iron status. Indicates the
number and size of the red blood cells found in whole blood and are
expressed as the percentage of total blood balance occupied by the
erythrocytes. Low levels are indicative of anemia. The size and shape
of the red blood cell can be related to the type of anemia from which
a person is suffering.
◉ Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine. Answer: Commonly
ordered together as part of a basic or comprehensive metabolic
profile. Are used to primarily to evaluate kidney function in people
with disease processes known to affect the kidneys, such as diabetes
or hypertension. Levels determine the extent of kidney dysfunction,
its progression, and the effectiveness of treatment. Elevated levels
may be a result of dehydration, atherosclerosis, or injury to the
kidneys from infection or trauma.
, ◉ Lab Value: Prealbumin (mg/dL). Answer: Half-Life (Days): 2
Normal: 16-30
Mild: 10-15
Moderate: 5-10
Severe: Less than 5
◉ Lab Value: Albumin (g/dL). Answer: Half-Life (Days): 21
Normal: 3.5-5
Mild: 2.8-3.5
Moderate: 2.1-2.7
Severe: Less than 2.1
◉ Lab Value: Transferrin (mg/dL). Answer: Half-Life (Days): 8-9
Normal: 200-400
Mild: 150-200
Moderate: 100-150
Severe: Less than 100
◉ Constipation. Answer: Hard stools from the slow progression of
digested food through the GI tract. Lack of fluids or fiber can create
dry, hardened feces and make evacuation of the bowel difficult.
