Complete Chemistry & Biochemistry Final Review: 250+ Verified Q&A | Metabolic Mastery Bank 2026

Complete Chemistry & Biochemistry Final Review: Comprehensive
Question Bank

This all-in-one study resource is designed for students facing the CHEM 210 Final
Exam. It bridges the gap between General Chemistry (Portage Learning/University
level) and foundational Biochemistry.


1. Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for the Element Iron
(Fe)?
A. [Ar] 4s² 3d⁶
B. [Ar] 4s¹ 3d⁷
C. [Ar] 4s² 3d⁵
D. [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶
Answer: A. BROADWAY
Rationale: Iron has 26 electrons. Following the Aufbau principle, the 4s orbital is
filled with 2 electrons before the 3d orbital receives the remaining 6.
2. What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration [H+] of 1.0 x 10⁻⁴
M?
A. 10
B. 4
C. -4
D. 7
Answer: B. BROADWAY
Rationale: pH is calculated using the formula -log[H+]. The negative log of 10⁻⁴ is
4.
3. Which type of bond involves the equal sharing of electrons between two atoms?
A. Ionic bond
B. Polar covalent bond
C. Nonpolar covalent bond
D. Hydrogen bond
Answer: C. BROADWAY
Rationale: Nonpolar covalent bonds occur when the electronegativity difference
between two atoms is zero or very small, leading to equal sharing.
4. In biochemistry, which level of protein structure is characterized by alpha-helices
and beta-pleated sheets?
A. Primary

, B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
Answer: B. BROADWAY
Rationale: Secondary structure refers to local folding patterns stabilized by
hydrogen bonds between the backbone amino and carboxyl groups.
5. According to Boyle's Law, if the pressure of a gas increases at a constant
temperature, the volume will:
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Stay the same
D. Double
Answer: B. BROADWAY
Rationale: Boyle's Law states that pressure and volume are inversely
proportional (P1V1 = P2V2).
6. Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?
A. Sucrose
B. Lactose
C. Glucose
D. Starch
Answer: C. BROADWAY
Rationale: Glucose is a simple single-sugar unit. Sucrose and Lactose are
disaccharides, and Starch is a polysaccharide.
7. How many moles are in 22.0 grams of CO₂? (Molar mass of CO₂ = 44.0 g/mol)
A. 2.0 moles
B. 1.0 mole
C. 0.5 moles
D. 0.25 moles
Answer: C. BROADWAY
Rationale: Moles = Mass / Molar Mass. 22.0g / 44.0g/mol = 0.5 moles.
8. Which enzyme class is responsible for joining two molecules together using
ATP?
A. Hydrolases
B. Isomerases
C. Ligases
D. Oxidoreductases

, Answer: C. BROADWAY
Rationale: Ligases catalyze the formation of bonds (like C-O, C-S, or C-N)
coupled with ATP hydrolysis.
9. A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction by:
A. Increasing the temperature
B. Increasing the concentration of reactants
C. Lowering the activation energy
D. Changing the equilibrium constant
Answer: C. BROADWAY
Rationale: Catalysts provide an alternative pathway with a lower energy barrier,
allowing more molecules to react at a given temperature.
10. Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but NOT in DNA?
A. Adenine
B. Thymine
C. Uracil
D. Guanine
Answer: C. BROADWAY
Rationale: DNA uses Thymine, while RNA replaces it with Uracil.
11. What is the oxidation state of Oxygen in most of its compounds (excluding
peroxides)?
A. +2
B. -1
C. -2
D. 0
Answer: C. BROADWAY
Rationale: Oxygen is highly electronegative and typically gains two electrons to
achieve a full valence shell.
12. In the following reaction: Zn + Cu²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Cu, which species is being
oxidized?
A. Cu²⁺
B. Zn
C. Cu
D. Zn²⁺
Answer: B. BROADWAY
Rationale: Oxidation is the loss of electrons. Zinc (Zn) goes from a 0 charge to a
+2 charge, meaning it lost electrons.

, 13. Which amino acid contains a sulfur atom in its side chain?
A. Alanine
B. Cysteine
C. Glycine
D. Serine
Answer: B. BROADWAY
Rationale: Cysteine contains a thiol (-SH) group, which allows it to form disulfide
bridges in proteins.
14. An exothermic reaction is one in which:
A. Heat is absorbed from the surroundings
B. Heat is released to the surroundings
C. The temperature remains constant
D. No energy change occurs
Answer: B. BROADWAY
Rationale: Exothermic reactions have a negative ΔH, meaning energy is given
off.
15. What is the name of the linkage that joins two amino acids together?
A. Glycosidic bond
B. Ester bond
C. Peptide bond
D. Phosphodiester bond
Answer: C. BROADWAY
Rationale: A peptide bond is an amide linkage formed between the amino group
of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.
16. Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?
A. Fluorine
B. Oxygen
C. Nitrogen
D. Chlorine
Answer: A. BROADWAY
Rationale: Fluorine is the most electronegative element on the periodic table (top
right corner).
17. Glycolysis takes place in which part of the cell?
A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleus
C. Cytosol