NR 324 | Adult Health II | Renal & Urinary Disorders (AKI, CKD)
Practice Pack 2026/2027 |Chamberlain College
1. A nurse is caring for a patient with prerenal Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Which
of the following is a common cause of this condition?
A. Renal calculi
B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
C. Aminoglycoside toxicity
D. Hypovolemia
Answer: D
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is caused by factors that reduce systemic circulation, causing a
decrease in renal blood flow, such as hypovolemia, decreased cardiac output, or shock.
2. In the oliguric phase of AKI, the nurse should expect which clinical
manifestation?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Polyuria
D. Fluid volume excess
Answer: D
Rationale: In the oliguric phase, decreased urine output leads to fluid retention, causing
neck vein distention, bounding pulse, and edema.
,3. Which laboratory value is the best indicator of renal function in a patient with
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
A. BUN
B. Serum Creatinine
C. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
D. Urine Specific Gravity
Answer: C
Rationale: GFR is considered the most accurate measure of kidney function and is used to
stage CKD.
4. A patient with CKD is prescribed calcium carbonate. The nurse knows this
medication is given to:
A. Lower serum phosphate levels
B. Treat hypercalcemia
C. Increase potassium excretion
D. Prevent constipation
Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium carbonate acts as a phosphate binder and should be taken with meals
to prevent the absorption of phosphate from food.
5. Which electrolyte imbalance is a life-threatening complication of AKI?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can lead to lethal cardiac arrhythmias and must be monitored
closely in renal failure.
, 6. A patient with CKD has a hemoglobin level of 8.2 g/dL. Which medication
does the nurse anticipate administering?
A. Furosemide
B. Cyclosporine
C. Epoetin alfa
D. Warfarin
Answer: C
Rationale: Epoetin alfa is a synthetic version of erythropoietin used to treat anemia
associated with CKD.
7. During the diuretic phase of AKI, what is the primary nursing priority?
A. Restricting fluid intake to 500 mL/day
B. Assessing for pulmonary edema
C. Monitoring for fluid volume deficit
D. Administering phosphate binders
Answer: C
Rationale: In the diuretic phase, the kidneys can produce large amounts of urine but
cannot concentrate it, leading to dehydration and electrolyte loss.
8. A patient with an arteriovenous (AV) fistula for hemodialysis should be
assessed for:
A. The presence of a bruit and thrill
B. Skin turgor on the affected arm
C. Radial pulse strength distal to the fistula
D. Blood pressure in the affected arm
Answer: A
Rationale: A palpable thrill and an audible bruit confirm the patency of the AV fistula.
Practice Pack 2026/2027 |Chamberlain College
1. A nurse is caring for a patient with prerenal Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Which
of the following is a common cause of this condition?
A. Renal calculi
B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
C. Aminoglycoside toxicity
D. Hypovolemia
Answer: D
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is caused by factors that reduce systemic circulation, causing a
decrease in renal blood flow, such as hypovolemia, decreased cardiac output, or shock.
2. In the oliguric phase of AKI, the nurse should expect which clinical
manifestation?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Polyuria
D. Fluid volume excess
Answer: D
Rationale: In the oliguric phase, decreased urine output leads to fluid retention, causing
neck vein distention, bounding pulse, and edema.
,3. Which laboratory value is the best indicator of renal function in a patient with
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
A. BUN
B. Serum Creatinine
C. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
D. Urine Specific Gravity
Answer: C
Rationale: GFR is considered the most accurate measure of kidney function and is used to
stage CKD.
4. A patient with CKD is prescribed calcium carbonate. The nurse knows this
medication is given to:
A. Lower serum phosphate levels
B. Treat hypercalcemia
C. Increase potassium excretion
D. Prevent constipation
Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium carbonate acts as a phosphate binder and should be taken with meals
to prevent the absorption of phosphate from food.
5. Which electrolyte imbalance is a life-threatening complication of AKI?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can lead to lethal cardiac arrhythmias and must be monitored
closely in renal failure.
, 6. A patient with CKD has a hemoglobin level of 8.2 g/dL. Which medication
does the nurse anticipate administering?
A. Furosemide
B. Cyclosporine
C. Epoetin alfa
D. Warfarin
Answer: C
Rationale: Epoetin alfa is a synthetic version of erythropoietin used to treat anemia
associated with CKD.
7. During the diuretic phase of AKI, what is the primary nursing priority?
A. Restricting fluid intake to 500 mL/day
B. Assessing for pulmonary edema
C. Monitoring for fluid volume deficit
D. Administering phosphate binders
Answer: C
Rationale: In the diuretic phase, the kidneys can produce large amounts of urine but
cannot concentrate it, leading to dehydration and electrolyte loss.
8. A patient with an arteriovenous (AV) fistula for hemodialysis should be
assessed for:
A. The presence of a bruit and thrill
B. Skin turgor on the affected arm
C. Radial pulse strength distal to the fistula
D. Blood pressure in the affected arm
Answer: A
Rationale: A palpable thrill and an audible bruit confirm the patency of the AV fistula.
