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Lecture notes

Energy II: More Respiration

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1. Relate the movement of electrons from one molecule or atom to another to the terms reduction and oxidation, and recognize whether electron carriers are in their oxidized or reduced form. 2. Describe the inputs to and products of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs (citric acid) cycle, including CO2 and the different molecules used to capture energy, 3. Explain what makes the citric acid (Krebs) cycle a "cycle". 4. Diagram the origins, flow and exit of electrons through the electron transport chain, the chain’s location in the mitochondrion, and the chain’s effects on H+ ions. 5. Explain how chemiosmosis through ATP synthase converts a H+ gradient across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion into the formation of ATP. 6. Explain why ATP synthesis by the both Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain in the mitochondrion is inhibited by anaerobic conditions and how ATP synthesis can be maintained by fermentation. Reduced organic compound, electron carriers (NADH, FADH2), Glucose, Pyruvate, Pyruvate oxidation, Acetyl-CoA, Citrate, Oxidative phosphorylation, Electron transport chain, proton pumps, ATP synthase, Chemiosmosis, Aerobic, Anaerobic, Fermentation, Lactate, Ethanol

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respiration11 Lecture

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602 6002 6420 energy
reduced carbon C Hbonds
energyclue hasmore usefulpotentialenergy than
oxidized carbon o_0 bonds
A B A B
pyruvate
oxidation
reatedboxidized
reduced reducedin charge gaine
oxidized losinge
Redoxreaction can release E from C H bonds
oxidized a
4478s so
L
bedom reive
C H reduced o O cohas beenoxidized reducingagent oxidizingagent
0 O co has beenvery oxidized
0 0 O cohasbeenextremelyoxidized
canoxidize take e from organic molecule with oxygen butalso w oxidizingagent that grabsand carries e
ex NAD 20
fte reducedform
carriers
electroncarrier
walaigaun.ve eyaabifionterneb
ab tt E FADH
cacle of electron
NAD Ze
H NADH
or NADT XH YH NADH H Y
ress




T.ieii i
Glycolysis glucosemakes 2 pyruvate electrons
carrtea
via NADH
1 initialsteps requirephosphatesfromZATD
2 Producestwo 3carbonparovates glycolysis sugarsplitting
aurate
is
it It in c manner.no
pyruvate entersthe mitochondrial matrixandis oxidized
ana.no
pyruvateoxidation 3 carbon pyruvate loses 1 carbon ascoz binds coenzyme A makes acetyl coa 2carbons
produces NADH perpyruvate 2perglucose
coenzyme nonprotein that helpssomeenzymatic reactions




citricacid Krebscycle
Acetylcoaadds its 2 carbons to a 4 carbon compound makinga 6 carboncitricacid citrate
cycletakes 6carbon andregenerates original 4 carbon afterlosing2002
oncethroughKrebsyields IATP orGTP 3NADH IFADH
2x perglucose bio 1 glucosemakes 2 Acetyl Coa

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