NURA 408 EXAM 1 PRACTICE QUESTIONS B ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

NURA 408 EXAM 1 PRACTICE QUESTIONS B ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of dumping syndrome following gastric surgery. Which of the following info should the nurse teach? Pick 2. A. Eat three moderate-sized meals per day B. Drink at least one glass of water with each meal C. Lay down for a while after eating D. Eat a bedtime snack that includes a milk product E. Increase protein in the diet - Answers C. Lay down for a while after eating E. Increase protein in the diet The client should consume small, frequent meals. They should not have liquids with meals. They should avoid milk products. A nursing student is explaining to their friend the difference between gastric and duodenal ulcer presentations. Which statement is INCORRECT? A. A gastric ulcer is associated with pain that gets worse with eating food. B. A duodenal ulcer is associated with hematemesis, malnourishment, and pain soon after meals. C. A duodenal ulcer might present with dyspepsia, heartburn, and dull/gnawing pain or burning sensations at the back or midepigastrium. D. A duodenal ulcer presents with melena, pain during the night, and it occurs several hours after a meal. - Answers B. A duodenal ulcer is associated with hematemesis, malnourishment, and pain soon after meals. These are symptoms of a gastric ulcer. A patient comes into the primary care clinic complaining of symptoms of GERD. What will they report? SATA A. Pain is relieved by drinking water, sitting up, and chewing TUMS B. dyspepsia after eating a trigger food, and regurgitation C. Pain that occurs after eating and lasts 20 min-2 hrs. D. burning sensation in the esophagus E. Lots of burping F. Pain that worsens with position like laying down or bending G. A dry cough that won't go away - Answers All of the above A patient with AIDS demonstrates understanding of their condition when they state what? SATA 1. I'll get the pneumovax shot 2. I've asked my friends to send me fake instead of live flowers 3. My job says I'm not allowed to wear a mask because kids think it's "scary" 4. My sister will clean the litterbox at home 5. I can keep my job as concert security 6. I will find a new home for my pet iguana since I cannot hold her anymore - Answers 1. I'll get the pneumovax shot 2. I've asked my friends to send me fake instead of live flowers 4. My sister will clean the litterbox at home 6. I will find a new home for my pet iguana since I cannot hold her anymore A student is explaining to her dog what the causes of pernicious anemia are. Which statement is correct? A. It's from eating junk all the time and not enough good American red meat. B. Chronic gastritis damages parietal cells. This leads to reduced production of intrinsic factor, which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. C. Well you get a big hole in there and all the blood comes out and you need to replace it - Answers B. Chronic gastritis damages parietal cells. This leads to reduced production of intrinsic factor, which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. Acute gastritis vs chronic gastritis - Answers Acute has a sudden onset, with a short duration, and can result in gastric bleeding if severe. Might occur via ingestion of an irritant such as as a strong acid. Chronic is related to autoimmune disease such as pernicious anemia and H. pylori. BMI levels - Answers normal: 18.5-24.9 overweight: 25-29.9 obese (class 1): 30-34.9 obese (class 2): 35-39.9 extreme obesity: 40 Cynthia participated in a clinical trial for a Norovirus vaccine. When exposed on her cruise, she doesn't get sick because she has which type of immunity? 1) Acquired immunity 2) Natural immunity 3) Humoral immunity 4) Phagocytic immunity - Answers 1) Acquired immunity Describe skin testing for allergens - Answers Intradermal injections or scratching the superficial layer of skin (scratch or prick test Indications: environmental and food allergies A localized reaction (wheal and flare) to an allergen is a positive reaction The larger the reaction, the more severe the allergy Gary has gout. What will the nurse tell him not to eat anymore? - Answers Fancy microbrews Scallops Shrimp Hamburgers Fried chicken livers Oysters Anchovies How can the nurse prevent aspiration pneumonia? Select two A) Confirm tube placement before feedings B) Elevate head of bed to 30*, for an hour after feeding C) Monitor for confusion or seizures D) Confer with a dietician - Answers A) Confirm tube placement before feedings B) Elevate head of bed to 30*, for an hour after feeding How does perforation or hemorrhage present in a PUD patient? - Answers - Severe epigastric pain that can radiate to the right shoulder - Abdomen can become tender and rigid (boardlike) - Hyperactive to diminished bowel sounds - Rebound tenderness - Manifestations of shock, hypotension, tachycardia - GI bleeding in the form of hematemisis or melena - Decreased hemoglobin How does the nurse know Gary's doing better with his gout? - Answers His BUN and serum uric acid labs are within range. His pain is reduced. His ESR is within range. His toe is less swollen. Tophi under his skin are lessened. He's taking his meds and drinking enough fluids. How is Crohn's diagnosed - Answers Endoscopy Proctosigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy & sigmoidoscopy Abdominal US, x-ray, CT scan Barium enema How is diverticulitis different from diverticulosis? - Answers Diverticulosis isn't accompanied by inflammation. How is peptic ulcer disease best described? - Answers Erosion of the mucosal lining of the stomach, esophagus, or duodenum. The most common area is the duodenum. Extreme erosion through all layers of the stomach or duodenum can cause peritonitis. Most ulcers are caused by H. pylori. How is UC diagnosed? - Answers sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy Barium enema CT scan or MRI Stool exam How should the nurse educate a patient on ulcer prevention? - Answers Drink alcohol in moderation Stop smoking Manage stress Avoid NSAIDS Limit caffeine Exercise regularly Nursing care for nonmechanical causes of bowel obstruction - Answers - NPO with bowel rest - Assess bowel sounds - Provide oral hygiene - Administer IV fluids and electrolyte replacement (esp K) - Manage pain - Encourage ambulation - Place in semi-Fowler's position Physical findings of bleeding esophageal varices - Answers Shock Hypotension Tachycardia Cool, clammy skin Projectile vomiting blood The nurse hears back on a patient and it looks like they found small intestine ulcerations and narrowing. Which disease does this indicate? A. Ulcerative colitis B. Crohn's disease C. Fibromyalgia D. Diverticulosis - Answers B. Crohn's disease SMALL intestine is the cue here The nurse indicates understanding of TPN administration when she says... A. I'm gonna increase the flow rate by 10% per hour B. I can use the same line for other IV bolus solutions too C. I can abruptly stop TPN if there's a complication D. I'll use a regular dressing change; sterile isn't necessary E. I don't need to monitor lungs for crackles or monitor weight/I&O - Answers A. I'm gonna increase the flow rate by 10% per hour Abruptly changing TPN rates can alter blood glucose significantly and is contraindicated. Central or PICC lines are going to be used in most cases so you need to reduce risk for infection. Sterile dressing changes are mandatory, and the line needs to be used for TPN only as multiple accesses increases risk of infection. Using a hypertonic solution like TPN poses a risk for fluid shift, placing the client at increased risk of fluid volume excess. The nurse is analyzing results of an X-ray performed on a client suspected of having rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which result supports this diagnosis? Increased bone density around the joints Soft tissue swelling "Honeycomb" appearance of bones Widening of the joint space - Answers In clients diagnosed with RA, imaging studies, such as X-ray, can reveal soft tissue swelling around the affected joint. This occurs due to the cytokines released in the pannus causing an inflammatory response. Clients suspected of having rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can undergo several diagnostic tests, one of which is an X-ray. X-rays can reveal decreased bone density around affected joints, soft tissue swelling, narrowing of the joint space, and bony erosions in clients diagnosed with RA. The nurse is aware that her patient's ulcer is not healing after 3-4 months of medical treatment or perforation. What surgical interventions might be anticipated? Pick 3 A. lobotomy