FAGD PRACTICE QUESTIONS FROM PPTX
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
What does the pulp contain - Answers - collagen, fibroblasts, macrophages, blood
vessels, A delta fibers, C-fibers
What are the types of primary dentin - Answers - circumpulpal dentin - made prior to
root formation
intratubular and peritubular dentin - made during root formation
when is secondary dentin formed - Answers - after root formation
What are the types of tertiary dentin - Answers - reactionary and reparative
What are the bacteria associated with pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis - Answers
- obligate anaerobes
What bacterial species is associated with failed RCT - Answers - E faecalis
What is E faecalis susceptable to - Answers - CHX
True or false; you do not need both pulpal and periapical diagnoses recorded - Answers
- false
What are the types of pulpal dx - Answers - normal
reversible pulpitis
symptomatic irreversibvle pulpitis
asymptomatic irreversible pulpititrs
pulpal necrosis
previously initiated therapy
previously treated
What are the types of apical dx - Answers - normal
symptomatic apical periodontitis
asymptomatic apical periodontitis
acute apical abscess
chronic apical abscess
condensing osteitits
true or false; in reversible pulpitis cases the pulp is capable of healing - Answers - true
what are some ways a tooth can have a asymptomatic irreversible pulptitis dx - Answers
- pt is asymptomatic
episodic pain is possible
,carious pulp exposure of mature tooth
internal/external resorption
hyperpalastic pulpitis (pulp polyp)
true or false; with symptomatic apical periodontitis you always need to have apical
radiolucency - Answers - false
what is calcific metamorphosis - Answers - canal space becomes obliterated by dentin -
usually after trauma, causes a yellow coronal discoloration, may have a vital ribbon of
pulp, may also test non-vital
External resorption is distinguishable from internal by: - Answers - shifting with change
in horizontal x-ray view, internal stays centered on canal with change in horizontal
angulation
What is invasive cervical resorption - Answers - a localized resorptive process that
involves the surface of root below epithelial attachmeent and coronal aspect of the
supporting alveolar process
what teeth are the most common to crack - Answers - mandibular molars
what is the shape of the radiolucency associated with VRF - Answers - l/J shaped
what does the law of centrality state - Answers - pulpal floor always located in the center
of the tooth at the CEJ
what does the law of concentricity state - Answers - wallls of pulp chamber are always
concentric to external surface of tooth at level of the CEJ
what is the law of the CEJ state - Answers - the CEJ is the most consistent, repeatable
landmark for locating the position of the pulp chamber
where are C shaped canals most often found - Answers - mandibular molar distal
canals
what cardiac condition should you be careful with apex locator use - Answers - with
pacemakers
what is a 0.02 taper file diameter increase - Answers - 0.32 mm
what is a 0.04 taper file diameter increase - Answers - 0.64 mm
what does NaOCl remove - Answers - organic smear layer/necrotic tissue/germicide -
gold standard
what does EDTA remove - Answers - inorganic agent/lubricant/smear layer
,what is CHX effective against - Answers - E. faecalis
what mixture should be avoided in canal irrigants - Answers - NaOCl and CHX - forms
carcinogenic precipitate
How much time is needed for calcium hydroxide to be effective - Answers - 1 week
true or false; calcium hydroxide favors calcification - Answers - true
what are the components of an ideal root canal sealer - Answers - hermetic seal/no
shrinkage/bacteriostatic
what steroid is helpful for inflammatory response with sealer extrusion - Answers -
dexamethasone
what is the best material for perforations - Answers - MTA
what type of perf has best prognosis - Answers - fresh, small, apical/coronal
what type of perf has poor prognosis - Answers - old, large, sulcular/crestal
what are the signs of NaOCl extrusion - Answers - immediate extreme
pain/hematoma/swelling
what is management protocol for sodium hypochlorite accident - Answers - calm patient
augment anesthesia
cold compress x 6 hr
warm compress x 2 days
analgesics/antibiotics
immediate referral if airway compromise
daily recall
ellis class I fracture - Answers - enamel only
ellis class II fracture - Answers - enamel and dentin
ellis class III fracture - Answers - enamel dentin and pulp
ellis class IV fracture - Answers - root fracture
ellis class V fracture - Answers - luxation
ellis class VI fracture - Answers - avulsion
, with ellis class III fractures on mature/closed apex teeth what typically happens -
Answers - RCT
with ellis class III fractures on open apex/vital pulp teeth what typically happens -
Answers - apexogenesis
with ellis class III fractures on open apex/non-vital pulp teeth what typicaly happens -
Answers - apexification
what do you do for horizontal root fracture if mobile - Answers - 3-4 weeks splint
what is protocol for non-vitality in coronal segment of horizontally fractured tooth with no
radiolucency - Answers - obturate coronal segment
what is protocol for non-vitality in coronal segment of horizontally fractured tooth with
radiolucency - Answers - calcium hydroxide until resolved then obturate coronal
segment
what is protocol for non-vitality in apex segment of horizontally fractured tooth with
radiolucency - Answers - remove apical segment/obturated coronal segment/extract
What is enamel infraction - Answers - incomplete fracture of enamel without loss of
tooth structure
What is an uncomplicated fracture - Answers - crown fracture - fracture with loss of
enamel only or loss of enamel and dentin
crown-root fracture- fracture involving enamel, coronal and radicular dentin and
cementum
What is a complicated fracture - Answers - crown fracture - fracture involving enamel
and dentin with pulp exposrue
root fracture - fracture involving radicular dentin, cementum and pulp
intrusive luxation protocol with open/immature apex - Answers - < 7 mm - allow for re-
eruption, if no movement, orthodontic reposition within 3 weeks
> 7 mm - reposition surgically or orthodontically within 3 weeks
monitor pulp vitality for apexification
What is the protocol for an intrusive luxation with a closed/mature apex for teeth
displaced up to 3mm in patients under 17 years old? - Answers - Allow for re-eruption; if
no movement within 2-3 weeks, reposition surgically or orthodontically.
What should be done for an intrusive luxation with a closed/mature apex for teeth
displaced 3-7 mm? - Answers - Reposition surgically or orthodontically.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
What does the pulp contain - Answers - collagen, fibroblasts, macrophages, blood
vessels, A delta fibers, C-fibers
What are the types of primary dentin - Answers - circumpulpal dentin - made prior to
root formation
intratubular and peritubular dentin - made during root formation
when is secondary dentin formed - Answers - after root formation
What are the types of tertiary dentin - Answers - reactionary and reparative
What are the bacteria associated with pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis - Answers
- obligate anaerobes
What bacterial species is associated with failed RCT - Answers - E faecalis
What is E faecalis susceptable to - Answers - CHX
True or false; you do not need both pulpal and periapical diagnoses recorded - Answers
- false
What are the types of pulpal dx - Answers - normal
reversible pulpitis
symptomatic irreversibvle pulpitis
asymptomatic irreversible pulpititrs
pulpal necrosis
previously initiated therapy
previously treated
What are the types of apical dx - Answers - normal
symptomatic apical periodontitis
asymptomatic apical periodontitis
acute apical abscess
chronic apical abscess
condensing osteitits
true or false; in reversible pulpitis cases the pulp is capable of healing - Answers - true
what are some ways a tooth can have a asymptomatic irreversible pulptitis dx - Answers
- pt is asymptomatic
episodic pain is possible
,carious pulp exposure of mature tooth
internal/external resorption
hyperpalastic pulpitis (pulp polyp)
true or false; with symptomatic apical periodontitis you always need to have apical
radiolucency - Answers - false
what is calcific metamorphosis - Answers - canal space becomes obliterated by dentin -
usually after trauma, causes a yellow coronal discoloration, may have a vital ribbon of
pulp, may also test non-vital
External resorption is distinguishable from internal by: - Answers - shifting with change
in horizontal x-ray view, internal stays centered on canal with change in horizontal
angulation
What is invasive cervical resorption - Answers - a localized resorptive process that
involves the surface of root below epithelial attachmeent and coronal aspect of the
supporting alveolar process
what teeth are the most common to crack - Answers - mandibular molars
what is the shape of the radiolucency associated with VRF - Answers - l/J shaped
what does the law of centrality state - Answers - pulpal floor always located in the center
of the tooth at the CEJ
what does the law of concentricity state - Answers - wallls of pulp chamber are always
concentric to external surface of tooth at level of the CEJ
what is the law of the CEJ state - Answers - the CEJ is the most consistent, repeatable
landmark for locating the position of the pulp chamber
where are C shaped canals most often found - Answers - mandibular molar distal
canals
what cardiac condition should you be careful with apex locator use - Answers - with
pacemakers
what is a 0.02 taper file diameter increase - Answers - 0.32 mm
what is a 0.04 taper file diameter increase - Answers - 0.64 mm
what does NaOCl remove - Answers - organic smear layer/necrotic tissue/germicide -
gold standard
what does EDTA remove - Answers - inorganic agent/lubricant/smear layer
,what is CHX effective against - Answers - E. faecalis
what mixture should be avoided in canal irrigants - Answers - NaOCl and CHX - forms
carcinogenic precipitate
How much time is needed for calcium hydroxide to be effective - Answers - 1 week
true or false; calcium hydroxide favors calcification - Answers - true
what are the components of an ideal root canal sealer - Answers - hermetic seal/no
shrinkage/bacteriostatic
what steroid is helpful for inflammatory response with sealer extrusion - Answers -
dexamethasone
what is the best material for perforations - Answers - MTA
what type of perf has best prognosis - Answers - fresh, small, apical/coronal
what type of perf has poor prognosis - Answers - old, large, sulcular/crestal
what are the signs of NaOCl extrusion - Answers - immediate extreme
pain/hematoma/swelling
what is management protocol for sodium hypochlorite accident - Answers - calm patient
augment anesthesia
cold compress x 6 hr
warm compress x 2 days
analgesics/antibiotics
immediate referral if airway compromise
daily recall
ellis class I fracture - Answers - enamel only
ellis class II fracture - Answers - enamel and dentin
ellis class III fracture - Answers - enamel dentin and pulp
ellis class IV fracture - Answers - root fracture
ellis class V fracture - Answers - luxation
ellis class VI fracture - Answers - avulsion
, with ellis class III fractures on mature/closed apex teeth what typically happens -
Answers - RCT
with ellis class III fractures on open apex/vital pulp teeth what typically happens -
Answers - apexogenesis
with ellis class III fractures on open apex/non-vital pulp teeth what typicaly happens -
Answers - apexification
what do you do for horizontal root fracture if mobile - Answers - 3-4 weeks splint
what is protocol for non-vitality in coronal segment of horizontally fractured tooth with no
radiolucency - Answers - obturate coronal segment
what is protocol for non-vitality in coronal segment of horizontally fractured tooth with
radiolucency - Answers - calcium hydroxide until resolved then obturate coronal
segment
what is protocol for non-vitality in apex segment of horizontally fractured tooth with
radiolucency - Answers - remove apical segment/obturated coronal segment/extract
What is enamel infraction - Answers - incomplete fracture of enamel without loss of
tooth structure
What is an uncomplicated fracture - Answers - crown fracture - fracture with loss of
enamel only or loss of enamel and dentin
crown-root fracture- fracture involving enamel, coronal and radicular dentin and
cementum
What is a complicated fracture - Answers - crown fracture - fracture involving enamel
and dentin with pulp exposrue
root fracture - fracture involving radicular dentin, cementum and pulp
intrusive luxation protocol with open/immature apex - Answers - < 7 mm - allow for re-
eruption, if no movement, orthodontic reposition within 3 weeks
> 7 mm - reposition surgically or orthodontically within 3 weeks
monitor pulp vitality for apexification
What is the protocol for an intrusive luxation with a closed/mature apex for teeth
displaced up to 3mm in patients under 17 years old? - Answers - Allow for re-eruption; if
no movement within 2-3 weeks, reposition surgically or orthodontically.
What should be done for an intrusive luxation with a closed/mature apex for teeth
displaced 3-7 mm? - Answers - Reposition surgically or orthodontically.
