NSG 6604 FINAL EXAM
WITH 100% ANWERS
2026/2027
Philosophy Answer>> -Science comprising logic, ethics,
metaphysics & epistemology.
-concerned with judgements about components of science.
-statement of beliefs and values, what people assume to be true in
what they believe. not empirically based, opinion based, public
affirmation in discipline.
-"this we believe" nsg statments
-prevailing philosophy of discipline is the most widely accepted one.
Science Answer>> -to know (KING), body of knowledge.
-observation, identification, description, experimental investigation
and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena.
-Nsg is the knowledge connected to the discipline + the
process & methods used to gain the knowledge.
-goal- identify truths/facts about discipline subject matter; who,
what, where, when & how of phenomena.
Knowledge Answer>> -what can be structured and represented
to others out of the process of knowing (Kramer).
-factual, awareness or perception of reality acquired through
learning or investigation.
,-Suggests that science is composed of what are known about
discipline subject matter (known vs believed).
-Feigl (1953) replicable by using appropriate scientific
methodologies w/in a discipline; replication = components of
phenomena provide observable & measurable knowledge.
-empirical- can be experienced through human senses.
Phenomena Answer>> -Comprise the subject matter of a
discipline (grief, caring, etc)
-A thing, fact, situation, or event of scientific interest susceptible to
scientific description and explanation
Fact Answer>> -Something known with certainty
Theory Answer>> -A set of two or more concepts, definitions, and
propositions that project a systematic view of phenomena by
designing specific interrelationships among concepts for purposes
of describing, explaining, and predicting (Chinn & Jacob, 1987;
Fawcett, 2000)
• Generally, applicable in clinical practice • Facts need to be ordered
in a cohesive body that will result in an organized body of
knowledge. • Provide a description, prediction, understanding, and
explanation of phenomena (Kim) • allows one to explain past
events, provide a sense of understanding about current events,
predict future events and provide the potential for controlling them •
Nursing intervention is served through the ability to predict and
ultimately to control phenomena associated with health and health
care • A degree of uncertainty is inherent in ; the concepts may
be tentative and the propositions may be predictions of what reality
is believed to be like, rather than a set of known, undeniable facts
(Hoover, 1988) • The functions of include summarization of
knowledge, explanation of phenomena of interest to the discipline
, employing the , and provision of to guide, predict and ultimately
to control phenomena (Mehlberg, 1962) • T are composed of
assertions that state specific relationships between two or more
concepts
How does theory contribute to the scientific base of a discipline?
Answer>> -conceptual models and theories PRESENT DIFFERENT
VIEWS OF PHENOMENON.
-link results of research together leading to cumulative scientific
knowledge.
-provide frameworks by which to study concepts & variables.
-provide frameworks that allows interpretation of research findings
beyond specific data.
Model Answer>> • An idea that explains by using symbolic and
physical visualization • Symbolic models may be verbal, schematic,
or quantitative • Verbal models are worded statements • Schematic
models may be diagrams, drawings, graphs or pictures •
Quantitative models are mathematical symbols • Physical models
may look like what they are supposed to represent; For example,
body organs may become more abstract while still keeping some of
the physical properties, like ECG tracings • Models can be used "to
facilitate thinking about concepts and relationships between them
(Bush, 1979) or to map out the research process (Chinn & Jacob,
1989)
Conceptual Model Answer>> -ABSTRACT AND GENERAL
ideas(concepts) & propositions that specify relationships.
-Integrate those concepts into a meaningful configuration (Fawcett).
WITH 100% ANWERS
2026/2027
Philosophy Answer>> -Science comprising logic, ethics,
metaphysics & epistemology.
-concerned with judgements about components of science.
-statement of beliefs and values, what people assume to be true in
what they believe. not empirically based, opinion based, public
affirmation in discipline.
-"this we believe" nsg statments
-prevailing philosophy of discipline is the most widely accepted one.
Science Answer>> -to know (KING), body of knowledge.
-observation, identification, description, experimental investigation
and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena.
-Nsg is the knowledge connected to the discipline + the
process & methods used to gain the knowledge.
-goal- identify truths/facts about discipline subject matter; who,
what, where, when & how of phenomena.
Knowledge Answer>> -what can be structured and represented
to others out of the process of knowing (Kramer).
-factual, awareness or perception of reality acquired through
learning or investigation.
,-Suggests that science is composed of what are known about
discipline subject matter (known vs believed).
-Feigl (1953) replicable by using appropriate scientific
methodologies w/in a discipline; replication = components of
phenomena provide observable & measurable knowledge.
-empirical- can be experienced through human senses.
Phenomena Answer>> -Comprise the subject matter of a
discipline (grief, caring, etc)
-A thing, fact, situation, or event of scientific interest susceptible to
scientific description and explanation
Fact Answer>> -Something known with certainty
Theory Answer>> -A set of two or more concepts, definitions, and
propositions that project a systematic view of phenomena by
designing specific interrelationships among concepts for purposes
of describing, explaining, and predicting (Chinn & Jacob, 1987;
Fawcett, 2000)
• Generally, applicable in clinical practice • Facts need to be ordered
in a cohesive body that will result in an organized body of
knowledge. • Provide a description, prediction, understanding, and
explanation of phenomena (Kim) • allows one to explain past
events, provide a sense of understanding about current events,
predict future events and provide the potential for controlling them •
Nursing intervention is served through the ability to predict and
ultimately to control phenomena associated with health and health
care • A degree of uncertainty is inherent in ; the concepts may
be tentative and the propositions may be predictions of what reality
is believed to be like, rather than a set of known, undeniable facts
(Hoover, 1988) • The functions of include summarization of
knowledge, explanation of phenomena of interest to the discipline
, employing the , and provision of to guide, predict and ultimately
to control phenomena (Mehlberg, 1962) • T are composed of
assertions that state specific relationships between two or more
concepts
How does theory contribute to the scientific base of a discipline?
Answer>> -conceptual models and theories PRESENT DIFFERENT
VIEWS OF PHENOMENON.
-link results of research together leading to cumulative scientific
knowledge.
-provide frameworks by which to study concepts & variables.
-provide frameworks that allows interpretation of research findings
beyond specific data.
Model Answer>> • An idea that explains by using symbolic and
physical visualization • Symbolic models may be verbal, schematic,
or quantitative • Verbal models are worded statements • Schematic
models may be diagrams, drawings, graphs or pictures •
Quantitative models are mathematical symbols • Physical models
may look like what they are supposed to represent; For example,
body organs may become more abstract while still keeping some of
the physical properties, like ECG tracings • Models can be used "to
facilitate thinking about concepts and relationships between them
(Bush, 1979) or to map out the research process (Chinn & Jacob,
1989)
Conceptual Model Answer>> -ABSTRACT AND GENERAL
ideas(concepts) & propositions that specify relationships.
-Integrate those concepts into a meaningful configuration (Fawcett).
