BIOLOGY 189 EXAM 2 Study guide UPDATED ACTUAL Questions And Correct
Answers
Terms in this set (84)
What does it mean for a carrier protein to be saturated? saturated carrier proteins means all the binding that the protein can do is used *
when all sides are bound up
What are the types of active transport? part 1 sodium potassium pump and cotransport mechanism
What are the types of active transport? part 2 Sodium Potassium Pump - process of moving sodium and potassium ions across
explanation the cell membrane involving the hydrolysis of ATP to produce necessary ENERGY
What are the types of active transport? part 3 Co-transport Mechanism- 2 substances are simultaneously transported across a
explanation membrane by 1 protein or complex protein with NO ATP activity
Describe the type of endocytosis phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated
Endocytosis: Phagocytosis "cellular eating" - engulfs a particle in a vacuole
Endocytosis: Pinocytosis "cellular drinking" - molecules are taken up when extracellular fluid is "gulped" into
tiny vesicles
Endocytosis: Receptor- mediated binding of ligands (any molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site) to
receptors triggers vesicle formation
how does receptor - mediated endocytosis differ from It differs because it is more specific
the other types of endocytosis?
Explain exocytosis Exocytosis is the evacuator of substances out of the cell - transport vesicles
migrate tot he membrane and fuse with it and release their contents
ex: secretory cells use exocytosis to export their products, pancreas uses
exocytosis to secrete insulin
what are the biological roles of nucleic acids nucleic acids are polymers made of monomers called nucleotides. the roles are
storage, replication, recombination, transmission of genetic information
what are the two nucleic acids in the human body? (DNA) deoxyribonucleic acid and (RNA) ribonucleic acid:
they enable living organisms to reproduce their complex components from one
generation to the next. DNA is the genetic material that organisms inherit from
their parents
What is each nucleic acid's biological role? DNA - stores information
RNA- carrier/messenger of information to protein
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? what are Building blocks of nucleic acids are polynucleotides and each polynucleotide
the components of these building blocks? consists of monomers called nucleotide. a nucleotide is composed of 3 parts: 5
carbon sugar (pentose), a nitrogen (nitrogenous base), one or more phosphate
groups
, what are the 4 types of nitrogen bases found in DNA and DNA = Cytosine and Thymine and Adenine and Guanine
RNA? RNA = Uracil and Thymine and Adenine and Guanine
What is the sugar found in DNA and in RNA? DNA = deoxyribose
RNA = Ribose
What are the three main differences between DNA and DNA = 2 stands of double helix, sugar, thymine
RNA? RNA = single stranded, sugar, uracil
what is complementary base pairing and how does it bases only bind to specific bases
work? C - G, A - T, RNA = A - U
copy DNA strand 5' GAATGCCGTTAC 3' C - T AND G-A
3' AGGCATTACCGT 5'
5' GTAACGGCATTC 3'
What is transcription? the process by which info of DNA is copied to a new molecule of mRNA. DNA
stories it for reference
What is translation? the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins mRNA produced by
transcription from DNA is decoded by a ribosome to produce specific amino acid
chain/polypeptide
What is the molecule and process (1-3)L Gene Expression 1: transcription DNA - synthesis of mRNA
2: mRNA: movement of mRNA into cytoplasm - translation
3: synthesis of protein through ribosomes and a polypeptide or amino acid is
produced
Define: Purine larger 6 membered fused to a 5 membered ring A & G
Define: Pyrimidine has 1 six membered ring C&T
Define: Phosphodiester linkage links sugar together in the backbone of DNA/RNA - bond between nucleotide
What are the biological roles of proteins? there are 7 Enzymes: speed up reaction
Defensive: antibodies recognize foreign substances
Hormonal Regulation: ex: insulin
Storage: amino acids
Structural: collagen movement
Transport: ex: hemoglobin
Motor proteins and contraction
What are the building blocks of proteins? what parts of 1. Amino Acids are the monomers (building blocks)
these building blocks are the same? what part is 2. Same are the number (20) backbone, first carbon
different? 3. Different = order they are in, side group - R group
Answers
Terms in this set (84)
What does it mean for a carrier protein to be saturated? saturated carrier proteins means all the binding that the protein can do is used *
when all sides are bound up
What are the types of active transport? part 1 sodium potassium pump and cotransport mechanism
What are the types of active transport? part 2 Sodium Potassium Pump - process of moving sodium and potassium ions across
explanation the cell membrane involving the hydrolysis of ATP to produce necessary ENERGY
What are the types of active transport? part 3 Co-transport Mechanism- 2 substances are simultaneously transported across a
explanation membrane by 1 protein or complex protein with NO ATP activity
Describe the type of endocytosis phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated
Endocytosis: Phagocytosis "cellular eating" - engulfs a particle in a vacuole
Endocytosis: Pinocytosis "cellular drinking" - molecules are taken up when extracellular fluid is "gulped" into
tiny vesicles
Endocytosis: Receptor- mediated binding of ligands (any molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site) to
receptors triggers vesicle formation
how does receptor - mediated endocytosis differ from It differs because it is more specific
the other types of endocytosis?
Explain exocytosis Exocytosis is the evacuator of substances out of the cell - transport vesicles
migrate tot he membrane and fuse with it and release their contents
ex: secretory cells use exocytosis to export their products, pancreas uses
exocytosis to secrete insulin
what are the biological roles of nucleic acids nucleic acids are polymers made of monomers called nucleotides. the roles are
storage, replication, recombination, transmission of genetic information
what are the two nucleic acids in the human body? (DNA) deoxyribonucleic acid and (RNA) ribonucleic acid:
they enable living organisms to reproduce their complex components from one
generation to the next. DNA is the genetic material that organisms inherit from
their parents
What is each nucleic acid's biological role? DNA - stores information
RNA- carrier/messenger of information to protein
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? what are Building blocks of nucleic acids are polynucleotides and each polynucleotide
the components of these building blocks? consists of monomers called nucleotide. a nucleotide is composed of 3 parts: 5
carbon sugar (pentose), a nitrogen (nitrogenous base), one or more phosphate
groups
, what are the 4 types of nitrogen bases found in DNA and DNA = Cytosine and Thymine and Adenine and Guanine
RNA? RNA = Uracil and Thymine and Adenine and Guanine
What is the sugar found in DNA and in RNA? DNA = deoxyribose
RNA = Ribose
What are the three main differences between DNA and DNA = 2 stands of double helix, sugar, thymine
RNA? RNA = single stranded, sugar, uracil
what is complementary base pairing and how does it bases only bind to specific bases
work? C - G, A - T, RNA = A - U
copy DNA strand 5' GAATGCCGTTAC 3' C - T AND G-A
3' AGGCATTACCGT 5'
5' GTAACGGCATTC 3'
What is transcription? the process by which info of DNA is copied to a new molecule of mRNA. DNA
stories it for reference
What is translation? the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins mRNA produced by
transcription from DNA is decoded by a ribosome to produce specific amino acid
chain/polypeptide
What is the molecule and process (1-3)L Gene Expression 1: transcription DNA - synthesis of mRNA
2: mRNA: movement of mRNA into cytoplasm - translation
3: synthesis of protein through ribosomes and a polypeptide or amino acid is
produced
Define: Purine larger 6 membered fused to a 5 membered ring A & G
Define: Pyrimidine has 1 six membered ring C&T
Define: Phosphodiester linkage links sugar together in the backbone of DNA/RNA - bond between nucleotide
What are the biological roles of proteins? there are 7 Enzymes: speed up reaction
Defensive: antibodies recognize foreign substances
Hormonal Regulation: ex: insulin
Storage: amino acids
Structural: collagen movement
Transport: ex: hemoglobin
Motor proteins and contraction
What are the building blocks of proteins? what parts of 1. Amino Acids are the monomers (building blocks)
these building blocks are the same? what part is 2. Same are the number (20) backbone, first carbon
different? 3. Different = order they are in, side group - R group
