Q6. What can be the possible diagnosis based on the above-mentioned clinical findings? 1
Radiograph revealed mixed radiopaque and radiolucent lesion.
Q7. Mention any two pathologies that shows mixed radiopaque and radiolucent appearance. 1
Intraoral periapical radiograph revealed a loss of the lamina dura and periradicular bone loss
involving the interdental bone between the mandibular right second premolar and first molar.
Cortical bone destruction and periosteal reaction was evident giving a sunburst appearance.
Q8. Mention any two lesions that shows sunburst appearance.
Q9. Mention any two lesions that shows loss of lamina dura. 1
Incisional biopsy of the lesion revealed highly cellular stroma, composed of neoplastic spindle
cells that exhibited pleomorphism and hyperchromatism. Abundant neoplastic osteoid
formation with varying degrees of calcification was also evident. The neoplastic bone showed
typical peripheral rim of malignant osteoblasts as well as entrapped pleomorphic,
hyperchromatic cells.Mitotic figures were also seen.
Q10. What should be your diagnosis based on the above findings. 1
Q11. Name four subtypes/variants of the lesión based on your diagnosis.
Answers:
Q5. Two pathologies that lead to swelling in the mandible:
1. Ameloblastoma
2. Osteosarcoma
Q6. Possible diagnosis based on clinical findings:
Osteosarcoma of the mandible
Q7. Two pathologies showing mixed radiopaque and radiolucent appearance:
1. Ossifying fibroma
2. Cemento-osseous dysplasia
Q8. Two lesions showing sunburst appearance:
1. Osteosarcoma
2. Ewing’s sarcoma
Q9. Two lesions showing loss of lamina dura:
1. Hyperparathyroidism (Brown tumor)
2. Fibrous dysplasia
Q10. Diagnosis based on histopathology findings:
Osteosarcoma of the mandible
Q11. Four subtypes/variants of osteosarcoma:
1. Osteoblastic osteosarcoma
2. Chondroblastic osteosarcoma
,3. Fibroblastic osteosarcoma
4. Telangiectatic osteosarcoma
III. A 32-year-old housewife has been visiting department of oral pathology with a chief
complaint of burning sensation of the posterior region on either side of the oral cavity for 1 year.
On examination, red erosive area were noted. White lines were observe radiating from the
border of the lesion. On histopathological examination hyperplastic hyperorthokerat stratified
squamous epithelium with Irregular rete ridges was noted with excessive lymphocytic infiltrate
within the lamina propria, without dysplasia.
Q12, What is the most probable diagnosis of the condition. 2
Q13. Mention two clinical differential diagnoses of the lesion. 2
Q14. Describe the Civatte body. 2
Q15. Mention the possible etiology of the disease.
Q16. What is the manifestation of the above condition in the nail known as?
Answers:
Q12. Most probable diagnosis:
Erosive Lichen Planus
Q13. Two clinical differential diagnoses:
1. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)
2. Pemphigus vulgaris
Q14. Civatte body:
Civatte bodies are degenerating basal keratinocytes that appear as eosinophilic, round,
hyalinized bodies in the epithelium or connective tissue in lichen planus.
Q15. Possible etiology:
Autoimmune disorder involving T-cell-mediated destruction of basal keratinocytes, possibly
triggered by:
1. Stress
2. Systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, hepatitis C)
3. Genetic predisposition
4. Drug-induced reactions
Q16. Nail manifestation:
Pterygium formation (wing-shaped scarring of the nail bed)
IV. 74-year-old ex-army personnel came to the Dental OPD with a chief complaint of numbness
and painful ulcer on the tongue and dryness of the mouth.
Q17. List Four causes of ulcer of the tongue.
On examination, the ulcer was punched out and indurated border. The regional lymph nodes
were palpable and tender.
,Q18. List two differential diagnosis of the lymph node tenderness. 1
Mantoux test was found to be positive and acid-fast bacilli was positively stained. On
histopathology of the biopsy specimen multinucleated giant cells were seen along with area of
granuloma formation.
Q.19 What is the most probable diagnosis of the pathology. 2
Q.20 Mention the microorganism associated with the pathology. 1
Q21. Q.21 Define acid fast bacilli.
Answers:
Q17. Four causes of tongue ulcer:
1. Traumatic ulcer
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Tuberculous ulcer
4. Syphilitic ulcer
Q18. Two differential diagnoses for lymph node tenderness:
1. Tuberculosis
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
Q19. Most probable diagnosis:
Oral Tuberculosis
Q20. Microorganism associated:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Q21. Definition of Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB):
Acid-fast bacilli are bacteria that resist decolorization by acid-alcohol after being stained with a
dye like Ziehl-Neelsen stain, due to their mycolic acid-rich cell wall.
2023
I. A 17-year-old girl presented with a slight swelling in the area extending from 11 to 16. The
swelling was covered by a normal mucosa. On palpation, at the level of posterior maxillary
alveolar process, the swelling was hard and painless. It became fluctuating and slightly tender in
the anterior region. The cold tests carried out at all teeth of the lesion's area were positive.
Q. 1. Give two differential diagnosis based on the above findings where swelling can be seen in
anterior region. Digital panoramic radiograph revealed a mixed well-defined radiolucent-
radiopaque image located in the area from the tooth 11 to the tooth 16, with root resorption of
15, 14, 12 and 11
Q. 2. Give two radiographical diagnosis based on the above findings with a mixed radiolucent
and radiopaque. 1
Histopathological examination of entire lesion showed a cystic wall bordered by an odontogenic
epithelium whose basal layer was made of cubo-cylindrical cells with ameloblastic
differentiation and presence of keratinizing ghost cells.
Q. 3. Give your final diagnosis based on the histopathological findings. Q4. Name two other
pathologies where ghost cells can be seen.
, Answers:
Q1. Two differential diagnoses for anterior maxillary swelling:
1. Odontogenic cyst (e.g., Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst)
2. Benign odontogenic tumor (e.g., Ameloblastoma)
Q2. Two radiographic diagnoses (mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion):
1. Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (Gorlin Cyst)
2. Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT)
Q3. Final diagnosis based on histopathology:
Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (Gorlin Cyst)
Q4. Two other pathologies with ghost cells:
1. Craniopharyngioma
2. Pilomatricoma (Calcifying Epithelioma of Malherbe)
II. A patient came to dental OPD with complain of the tonsils and faucial pillars are usually
swollen and sometimes covered with greyish exudates.
Q. 5. Mention two conditions with swollen tonsils. 1
The mucosa of the palate, appeared congested and have petechiae scattered on the soft palate.
The palate and the throat were fiery red.
Q. 6. Mention two conditions with petechiae on palate.1
Early tongue exhibits a white coating, and the fungiform papillae are oedematous and
hyperaemic, projecting above the surface as small red knobs- 'strawberry tongue'. The skin has
a goose-pimple appearance and feels rough- sand paper feel. Patient exhibits severe pharyngitis
and tonsilitis, headache, chills, fever, and vomiting
Q. 7. Mention the diagnosis of the disease. 2
Q. 8. Mention the etiology of the disease. 1
Q. 9. Mention two complications of the disease. 1
Answers:
Q5. Two conditions with swollen tonsils:
1. Streptococcal tonsillitis
2. Infectious mononucleosis
Q6. Two conditions with petechiae on the palate:
1. Infectious mononucleosis
2. Scarlet fever
Q7. Diagnosis of the disease:
Scarlet fever
Q8. Etiology of the disease:
Radiograph revealed mixed radiopaque and radiolucent lesion.
Q7. Mention any two pathologies that shows mixed radiopaque and radiolucent appearance. 1
Intraoral periapical radiograph revealed a loss of the lamina dura and periradicular bone loss
involving the interdental bone between the mandibular right second premolar and first molar.
Cortical bone destruction and periosteal reaction was evident giving a sunburst appearance.
Q8. Mention any two lesions that shows sunburst appearance.
Q9. Mention any two lesions that shows loss of lamina dura. 1
Incisional biopsy of the lesion revealed highly cellular stroma, composed of neoplastic spindle
cells that exhibited pleomorphism and hyperchromatism. Abundant neoplastic osteoid
formation with varying degrees of calcification was also evident. The neoplastic bone showed
typical peripheral rim of malignant osteoblasts as well as entrapped pleomorphic,
hyperchromatic cells.Mitotic figures were also seen.
Q10. What should be your diagnosis based on the above findings. 1
Q11. Name four subtypes/variants of the lesión based on your diagnosis.
Answers:
Q5. Two pathologies that lead to swelling in the mandible:
1. Ameloblastoma
2. Osteosarcoma
Q6. Possible diagnosis based on clinical findings:
Osteosarcoma of the mandible
Q7. Two pathologies showing mixed radiopaque and radiolucent appearance:
1. Ossifying fibroma
2. Cemento-osseous dysplasia
Q8. Two lesions showing sunburst appearance:
1. Osteosarcoma
2. Ewing’s sarcoma
Q9. Two lesions showing loss of lamina dura:
1. Hyperparathyroidism (Brown tumor)
2. Fibrous dysplasia
Q10. Diagnosis based on histopathology findings:
Osteosarcoma of the mandible
Q11. Four subtypes/variants of osteosarcoma:
1. Osteoblastic osteosarcoma
2. Chondroblastic osteosarcoma
,3. Fibroblastic osteosarcoma
4. Telangiectatic osteosarcoma
III. A 32-year-old housewife has been visiting department of oral pathology with a chief
complaint of burning sensation of the posterior region on either side of the oral cavity for 1 year.
On examination, red erosive area were noted. White lines were observe radiating from the
border of the lesion. On histopathological examination hyperplastic hyperorthokerat stratified
squamous epithelium with Irregular rete ridges was noted with excessive lymphocytic infiltrate
within the lamina propria, without dysplasia.
Q12, What is the most probable diagnosis of the condition. 2
Q13. Mention two clinical differential diagnoses of the lesion. 2
Q14. Describe the Civatte body. 2
Q15. Mention the possible etiology of the disease.
Q16. What is the manifestation of the above condition in the nail known as?
Answers:
Q12. Most probable diagnosis:
Erosive Lichen Planus
Q13. Two clinical differential diagnoses:
1. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)
2. Pemphigus vulgaris
Q14. Civatte body:
Civatte bodies are degenerating basal keratinocytes that appear as eosinophilic, round,
hyalinized bodies in the epithelium or connective tissue in lichen planus.
Q15. Possible etiology:
Autoimmune disorder involving T-cell-mediated destruction of basal keratinocytes, possibly
triggered by:
1. Stress
2. Systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, hepatitis C)
3. Genetic predisposition
4. Drug-induced reactions
Q16. Nail manifestation:
Pterygium formation (wing-shaped scarring of the nail bed)
IV. 74-year-old ex-army personnel came to the Dental OPD with a chief complaint of numbness
and painful ulcer on the tongue and dryness of the mouth.
Q17. List Four causes of ulcer of the tongue.
On examination, the ulcer was punched out and indurated border. The regional lymph nodes
were palpable and tender.
,Q18. List two differential diagnosis of the lymph node tenderness. 1
Mantoux test was found to be positive and acid-fast bacilli was positively stained. On
histopathology of the biopsy specimen multinucleated giant cells were seen along with area of
granuloma formation.
Q.19 What is the most probable diagnosis of the pathology. 2
Q.20 Mention the microorganism associated with the pathology. 1
Q21. Q.21 Define acid fast bacilli.
Answers:
Q17. Four causes of tongue ulcer:
1. Traumatic ulcer
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Tuberculous ulcer
4. Syphilitic ulcer
Q18. Two differential diagnoses for lymph node tenderness:
1. Tuberculosis
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
Q19. Most probable diagnosis:
Oral Tuberculosis
Q20. Microorganism associated:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Q21. Definition of Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB):
Acid-fast bacilli are bacteria that resist decolorization by acid-alcohol after being stained with a
dye like Ziehl-Neelsen stain, due to their mycolic acid-rich cell wall.
2023
I. A 17-year-old girl presented with a slight swelling in the area extending from 11 to 16. The
swelling was covered by a normal mucosa. On palpation, at the level of posterior maxillary
alveolar process, the swelling was hard and painless. It became fluctuating and slightly tender in
the anterior region. The cold tests carried out at all teeth of the lesion's area were positive.
Q. 1. Give two differential diagnosis based on the above findings where swelling can be seen in
anterior region. Digital panoramic radiograph revealed a mixed well-defined radiolucent-
radiopaque image located in the area from the tooth 11 to the tooth 16, with root resorption of
15, 14, 12 and 11
Q. 2. Give two radiographical diagnosis based on the above findings with a mixed radiolucent
and radiopaque. 1
Histopathological examination of entire lesion showed a cystic wall bordered by an odontogenic
epithelium whose basal layer was made of cubo-cylindrical cells with ameloblastic
differentiation and presence of keratinizing ghost cells.
Q. 3. Give your final diagnosis based on the histopathological findings. Q4. Name two other
pathologies where ghost cells can be seen.
, Answers:
Q1. Two differential diagnoses for anterior maxillary swelling:
1. Odontogenic cyst (e.g., Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst)
2. Benign odontogenic tumor (e.g., Ameloblastoma)
Q2. Two radiographic diagnoses (mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion):
1. Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (Gorlin Cyst)
2. Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT)
Q3. Final diagnosis based on histopathology:
Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (Gorlin Cyst)
Q4. Two other pathologies with ghost cells:
1. Craniopharyngioma
2. Pilomatricoma (Calcifying Epithelioma of Malherbe)
II. A patient came to dental OPD with complain of the tonsils and faucial pillars are usually
swollen and sometimes covered with greyish exudates.
Q. 5. Mention two conditions with swollen tonsils. 1
The mucosa of the palate, appeared congested and have petechiae scattered on the soft palate.
The palate and the throat were fiery red.
Q. 6. Mention two conditions with petechiae on palate.1
Early tongue exhibits a white coating, and the fungiform papillae are oedematous and
hyperaemic, projecting above the surface as small red knobs- 'strawberry tongue'. The skin has
a goose-pimple appearance and feels rough- sand paper feel. Patient exhibits severe pharyngitis
and tonsilitis, headache, chills, fever, and vomiting
Q. 7. Mention the diagnosis of the disease. 2
Q. 8. Mention the etiology of the disease. 1
Q. 9. Mention two complications of the disease. 1
Answers:
Q5. Two conditions with swollen tonsils:
1. Streptococcal tonsillitis
2. Infectious mononucleosis
Q6. Two conditions with petechiae on the palate:
1. Infectious mononucleosis
2. Scarlet fever
Q7. Diagnosis of the disease:
Scarlet fever
Q8. Etiology of the disease:
