CHEM 120 FINAL EXAM
ionic compounds - answers--deals with charged particles
-oppositely charged particles are attracted to each other
-look for presence of metals and polyatomic ions
molecular compounds - answers--share electrons
-nonmetals
-no polyatomic ions unless it’s an acid
Type I metals - answers--ionic compounds
-group 1A,2A,3A
-one type of charge state
-Name of metal +ion
-if metal nonmetal:
name of metal base name of nonmetal +ide
-if metal polyatomic ion:
name of metal name of polyatomic ion
Type II metals - answers--ionic compounds
-charge states vary
-Name of metal it’s charge as a roman numeral ion
-if metal nonmetal:
name of metal its charge as a roman numeral base name of nonmetal ide
-if metal polyatomic ion:
name of metal its charge as a roman numeral name of polyatomic ion
Molecular compounds: nonmetal nonmetal - answers--prefix name of 1st
nonmetal+prefix+name of second nonmetal
-no mono for first nonmetals
Acids - answers--are molecular compounds but behave like ionic compounds when put
in water
-dissolved in water(aqueous)
-binary or oxy acids
Binary acids - answers--hydro+base name of second nonmetal+ic+acid
-hydro means no oxygen present
Oxy acids - answers--contains oxygen as a part of a polyatomic ion
-ate becomes ic
, -ite becomes ous
-ex: HNO₃→nitric acid
ACID EXCEPTIONS - answers-H₂SO₄→sulfuric acid
H₂SO₃→sulfurous acid
H₃PO₄→phosphoric acid
H₃PO₃→phosphorous acid
hydrates - answers-name of ionic compound∙prefix+hydrate
Planck's constant - answers-h=6.626* 10⁻³⁴joules seconds
used in formulas for energy, wavelength, and frequency
E=h*frequency(v)
speed of light (3*10⁸ m/sec)(c)=v*wavelength(A)
E=h(c/A)
electromagnetic spectrum - answers--left side of spectrum:highest energy, highest
frequency, shortest wavelength (blue light)
-right side of spectrum: lowest energy, lowest frequency, longest wavelength (red light)
Lewis de Broglie equation - answers-wavelength=plancks constant/mass*velocity
cation - answers-a positively charged ion
anion - answers-a negatively charged ion
usually larger than cation because electron repulsion
electron configuration - answers-
1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d,7p,8s
ex: Ca: 1s²,2s²,2p⁶,3s²,3p⁶,4s²
electron configuration exceptions - answers-Cu and Cr
Cr: (Ar) 4s¹,3d⁵
Cu:(Ar) 4s¹,3d¹⁰
paramagnetic - answers-unpaired electrons in orbitals
diamagnetic - answers-all electrons in orbitals are paired
n=principle quantum number - answers-shell number
n=1,n=2...
l=azimuthal quantum number - answers-shape of orbital
s: l=0
p: l=1
d: l=2
ionic compounds - answers--deals with charged particles
-oppositely charged particles are attracted to each other
-look for presence of metals and polyatomic ions
molecular compounds - answers--share electrons
-nonmetals
-no polyatomic ions unless it’s an acid
Type I metals - answers--ionic compounds
-group 1A,2A,3A
-one type of charge state
-Name of metal +ion
-if metal nonmetal:
name of metal base name of nonmetal +ide
-if metal polyatomic ion:
name of metal name of polyatomic ion
Type II metals - answers--ionic compounds
-charge states vary
-Name of metal it’s charge as a roman numeral ion
-if metal nonmetal:
name of metal its charge as a roman numeral base name of nonmetal ide
-if metal polyatomic ion:
name of metal its charge as a roman numeral name of polyatomic ion
Molecular compounds: nonmetal nonmetal - answers--prefix name of 1st
nonmetal+prefix+name of second nonmetal
-no mono for first nonmetals
Acids - answers--are molecular compounds but behave like ionic compounds when put
in water
-dissolved in water(aqueous)
-binary or oxy acids
Binary acids - answers--hydro+base name of second nonmetal+ic+acid
-hydro means no oxygen present
Oxy acids - answers--contains oxygen as a part of a polyatomic ion
-ate becomes ic
, -ite becomes ous
-ex: HNO₃→nitric acid
ACID EXCEPTIONS - answers-H₂SO₄→sulfuric acid
H₂SO₃→sulfurous acid
H₃PO₄→phosphoric acid
H₃PO₃→phosphorous acid
hydrates - answers-name of ionic compound∙prefix+hydrate
Planck's constant - answers-h=6.626* 10⁻³⁴joules seconds
used in formulas for energy, wavelength, and frequency
E=h*frequency(v)
speed of light (3*10⁸ m/sec)(c)=v*wavelength(A)
E=h(c/A)
electromagnetic spectrum - answers--left side of spectrum:highest energy, highest
frequency, shortest wavelength (blue light)
-right side of spectrum: lowest energy, lowest frequency, longest wavelength (red light)
Lewis de Broglie equation - answers-wavelength=plancks constant/mass*velocity
cation - answers-a positively charged ion
anion - answers-a negatively charged ion
usually larger than cation because electron repulsion
electron configuration - answers-
1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d,7p,8s
ex: Ca: 1s²,2s²,2p⁶,3s²,3p⁶,4s²
electron configuration exceptions - answers-Cu and Cr
Cr: (Ar) 4s¹,3d⁵
Cu:(Ar) 4s¹,3d¹⁰
paramagnetic - answers-unpaired electrons in orbitals
diamagnetic - answers-all electrons in orbitals are paired
n=principle quantum number - answers-shell number
n=1,n=2...
l=azimuthal quantum number - answers-shape of orbital
s: l=0
p: l=1
d: l=2
