NURS 2030 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2026
> 5 vital signs? Answer:respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure,
temperature, and pain
> Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria? Answer:-well
defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
> Florence Nightingale? Answer:defined nursing as both an art and
science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing
education, published books; founder of modern nursing
> Clara Barton? Answer:established red cross; volunteered to care for
wounds and feed union soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of
nurses for the army of James
> sources of knowledge? Answer:-traditional ( passed down from
generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's
perceived expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
> objective? Answer:you can see the object
> subjective? Answer:coming from that subject
,> types of knowledge? Answer:-science (observing, identifying, describing,
investigating, and explaining events and occurences that are perceived in
world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the
processes used to develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about
a desired result)
> goals of nursing research? Answer:-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics,
nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
> deductive reasoning? Answer:examines a general idea and then
considers specific actions or ideas
> inductive reasoning? Answer:one builds from specific ideas or actions to
conclusions about general ideas
> health? Answer:a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-
being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
> illness? Answer:the unique response of a person to a disease; an
abnormal process involving changed level of functioning
> wellness? Answer:an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle
promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health
> nursing theory? Answer:differentiates nursing from other disciplines and
activities in that it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting,
and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices
> evidence-based practice (EBP)? Answer:a problem-solving approach to
making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available; blends both
science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may consist of
specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of
patients
, > steps in implementing EBP? Answer:Step 1: ask a question about a
clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences,
and values in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
> human dimensions that compose the whole person? Answer:physical,
intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
> acute illness? Answer:rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short
time; examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
> chronic illness? Answer:slow onset, characteristics: permanent change,
caused by change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long
period of care or support; examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung
diseases, and arthritis
> stages-of-illness behaviors? Answer:Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
> primary health promotion? Answer:directed towards PROMOTING health
and PREVENTING the development of disease processes or injury;
example: immunization clinic, family planning services, accident prevention
education
> secondary health promotion? Answer:focus on SCREENING for early
detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found;
example: assessing children for normal growth and development and
encourage regular medical, dental and vision exams
> tertiary health promotion? Answer:after an illness is diagnosed and
treated;
example: teaching a patient with diabetes how to recognize and prevent
complications, refer woman to support group after removal of breast due to
cancer
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2026
> 5 vital signs? Answer:respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure,
temperature, and pain
> Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria? Answer:-well
defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
> Florence Nightingale? Answer:defined nursing as both an art and
science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing
education, published books; founder of modern nursing
> Clara Barton? Answer:established red cross; volunteered to care for
wounds and feed union soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of
nurses for the army of James
> sources of knowledge? Answer:-traditional ( passed down from
generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's
perceived expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
> objective? Answer:you can see the object
> subjective? Answer:coming from that subject
,> types of knowledge? Answer:-science (observing, identifying, describing,
investigating, and explaining events and occurences that are perceived in
world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the
processes used to develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about
a desired result)
> goals of nursing research? Answer:-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics,
nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
> deductive reasoning? Answer:examines a general idea and then
considers specific actions or ideas
> inductive reasoning? Answer:one builds from specific ideas or actions to
conclusions about general ideas
> health? Answer:a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-
being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
> illness? Answer:the unique response of a person to a disease; an
abnormal process involving changed level of functioning
> wellness? Answer:an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle
promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health
> nursing theory? Answer:differentiates nursing from other disciplines and
activities in that it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting,
and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices
> evidence-based practice (EBP)? Answer:a problem-solving approach to
making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available; blends both
science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may consist of
specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of
patients
, > steps in implementing EBP? Answer:Step 1: ask a question about a
clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences,
and values in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
> human dimensions that compose the whole person? Answer:physical,
intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
> acute illness? Answer:rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short
time; examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
> chronic illness? Answer:slow onset, characteristics: permanent change,
caused by change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long
period of care or support; examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung
diseases, and arthritis
> stages-of-illness behaviors? Answer:Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
> primary health promotion? Answer:directed towards PROMOTING health
and PREVENTING the development of disease processes or injury;
example: immunization clinic, family planning services, accident prevention
education
> secondary health promotion? Answer:focus on SCREENING for early
detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found;
example: assessing children for normal growth and development and
encourage regular medical, dental and vision exams
> tertiary health promotion? Answer:after an illness is diagnosed and
treated;
example: teaching a patient with diabetes how to recognize and prevent
complications, refer woman to support group after removal of breast due to
cancer
