N321 Renal/GU Quiz Practice Questions With
Complete Solutions
The nurse expects to observe which of the following altered laboratory values in
a patient diagnosed with renal failure?
A. Decreased calcium
B. Increased calcium
C. Decreased phosphorus
D. Increased hematocrit - ANSWER A. Decreased calcium
The nurse is caring for an older adult with intermittent urinary incontinence. The
nurse recognizes that the incontinence is a result of which structure failing to
contract to keep urine in the bladder until micturition?
A. The detrusor muscle
B. The external urethral sphincter
C. The urethra
D. The internal urethral sphincter - ANSWER D. The internal urethral sphincter
The nurse is assessing a patient for a routine physical examination. Which of the
following are normal findings when assessing the renal and urinary systems?
(Select all that apply.)
A. Inability to palpate the kidneys
B. CVA tenderness upon percussion
C. Absence of a renal artery bruit
D. Purulent drainage from the urinary meatus
E. Tympanic sounds over an empty bladder upon percussion - ANSWER A.
Inability to palpate the kidneys
C. Absence of a renal artery bruit
The nurse understands that an abnormal VCUG (voiding cystourethrogram)
indicates which of the following?
A. The presence of a mass in the bladder
B. An increased risk of kidney infection
C. Incomplete emptying of the bladder
D. Decreased creatinine clearance - ANSWER B. An increased risk of kidney
infection
,The nurse is caring for a patient receiving IV contrast for a renal CT scan.
Nursing responsibilities related to the administration of IV contrast include
which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
A. To assess for allergies to contrast, iodine, and seafood prior to the study
B. To educate the patient to increase fluid intake following the study
C. To obtain an order for NPO status following the study
D. To ensure that IV contrast is administered only through a central line
E. To assess the patient's baseline creatinine value prior to the study - ANSWER
A. To assess for allergies to contrast, iodine, and seafood prior to the study
B. To educate the patient to increase fluid intake following the study
E. To assess the patient's baseline creatinine value prior to the study
The nurse caring for an 86-year-old female patient who presents with nocturnal
polyuria incorporates which priority nursing diagnosis into the plan of care?
A. Risk for deficient fluid volume
B. Risk for sleep deprivation
C. Risk for excess fluid volume
D. Risk for urge urinary incontinence - ANSWER A. Risk for deficient fluid volume
The nurse recognizes that genetic counseling is appropriate for which patient?
A. A child with frequent urinary tract infections
B. An adult with frequent urinary tract infection
C. An adult with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease
D. An adult with metastatic renal cancer - ANSWER C. An adult with autosomal-
dominant polycystic kidney disease
The nurse understands that which diagnostic study is most specific in
identifying PKD?
A. Abdominal x-ray
B. Serum creatinine level
C. Urinalysis
D. Computed tomography scan - ANSWER D. Computed tomography scan
The nurse correlates which clinical manifestations with the pathophysiology of
acute pyelonephritis? (Select all that apply.)
A. Nausea and vomiting
B. Hematuria
C. Flank pain
D. Fever
E. Abdominal pain - ANSWER A. Nausea and vomiting
B. Hematuria
,C. Flank pain
D. Fever
What is the etiological process in glomerulonephritis?
A. Tubular necrosis caused by bacteria and antibody reactions
B. Deposition of immunological complexes and complement along the GBM
C. Deposition of bacteria and immunological components within the loop of
Henle
D. Destruction of proteolytic enzymes contained in the GBM - ANSWER B.
Deposition of immunological complexes and complement along the GBM
Which of the following risk factors has been associated with renal cancer?
A. Aspirin use
B. Alcohol abuse
C. Use of artificial sweeteners
D. Cigarette smoking - ANSWER D. Cigarette smoking
The nurse recognizes that which patient has the highest risk of renal cancer?
A. A 76-year-old African American female
B. A 50-year-old Caucasian male
C. A 24-year-old Caucasian male
D. A 50-year-old African American male - ANSWER D. A 50-year-old African
American male
The nurse providing care for the patient post-motor vehicle accident with a
suspected injury to the renal system anticipates which of the following orders?
A. Perform an electrocardiogram (ECG).
B. Send a urinalysis to the laboratory.
C. Administer diuretics.
D. Administer antihypertensives. - ANSWER B. Send a urinalysis to the
laboratory.
Prior to the patient's CT scan, which information should be obtained from the
patient or family member?
A. A family history of CT scans
B. Time of patient's last meal
C. List of patient's allergies
D. Time of last pain medication - ANSWER C. List of patient's allergies
Which is a prerenal cause of AKI?
, A. Acute glomerulonephritis and neoplasms
B. Septic shock and nephrotoxic injury from medications
C. Pyelonephritis and calculi formation
D. Hypovolemia and myocardial infarction - ANSWER D. Hypovolemia and
myocardial infarction
When the patient is in the diuretic phase of AKI, the nurse must monitor which
serum electrolyte imbalance?
A. Hypokalemia and hyponatremia
B. Hypokalemia and hypernatremia
C. Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia
D. Hyperkalemia and hypernatremia - ANSWER C. Hyperkalemia and
hyponatremia
The risk factor or factors most often associated with CKD include which of the
following? (Select all that apply.)
A. Hypertension
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Malnutrition
D. Peripheral vascular disease
E. Smoking - ANSWER A. Hypertension
B. Diabetes mellitus
The nurse understands that CKD is characterized by which of the following?
A. A rapid decrease in urine output with a CKD-elevated BUN
B. Progressive, irreversible destruction to the kidneys
C. Abrupt increasing creatinine clearance with a decrease in urinary output
D. Confusion and somnolence leading to coma and death - ANSWER B.
Progressive, irreversible destruction to the kidneys
The nurse understands that CRRT is indicated for which of the following
patients?
A. A hospitalized but hemodynamically stable patient
B. A hospitalized, hemodynamically unstable patient
C. A hospitalized ESRD patient being discharged home soon
D. A hospitalized ESRD patient who is stable but in an intensive care setting -
ANSWER B. A hospitalized, hemodynamically unstable patient
The nurse recognizes which patient is at greatest risk for a UTI?
A. A 35-year-old sexually active male
B. A 23-year-old sexually active female
Complete Solutions
The nurse expects to observe which of the following altered laboratory values in
a patient diagnosed with renal failure?
A. Decreased calcium
B. Increased calcium
C. Decreased phosphorus
D. Increased hematocrit - ANSWER A. Decreased calcium
The nurse is caring for an older adult with intermittent urinary incontinence. The
nurse recognizes that the incontinence is a result of which structure failing to
contract to keep urine in the bladder until micturition?
A. The detrusor muscle
B. The external urethral sphincter
C. The urethra
D. The internal urethral sphincter - ANSWER D. The internal urethral sphincter
The nurse is assessing a patient for a routine physical examination. Which of the
following are normal findings when assessing the renal and urinary systems?
(Select all that apply.)
A. Inability to palpate the kidneys
B. CVA tenderness upon percussion
C. Absence of a renal artery bruit
D. Purulent drainage from the urinary meatus
E. Tympanic sounds over an empty bladder upon percussion - ANSWER A.
Inability to palpate the kidneys
C. Absence of a renal artery bruit
The nurse understands that an abnormal VCUG (voiding cystourethrogram)
indicates which of the following?
A. The presence of a mass in the bladder
B. An increased risk of kidney infection
C. Incomplete emptying of the bladder
D. Decreased creatinine clearance - ANSWER B. An increased risk of kidney
infection
,The nurse is caring for a patient receiving IV contrast for a renal CT scan.
Nursing responsibilities related to the administration of IV contrast include
which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
A. To assess for allergies to contrast, iodine, and seafood prior to the study
B. To educate the patient to increase fluid intake following the study
C. To obtain an order for NPO status following the study
D. To ensure that IV contrast is administered only through a central line
E. To assess the patient's baseline creatinine value prior to the study - ANSWER
A. To assess for allergies to contrast, iodine, and seafood prior to the study
B. To educate the patient to increase fluid intake following the study
E. To assess the patient's baseline creatinine value prior to the study
The nurse caring for an 86-year-old female patient who presents with nocturnal
polyuria incorporates which priority nursing diagnosis into the plan of care?
A. Risk for deficient fluid volume
B. Risk for sleep deprivation
C. Risk for excess fluid volume
D. Risk for urge urinary incontinence - ANSWER A. Risk for deficient fluid volume
The nurse recognizes that genetic counseling is appropriate for which patient?
A. A child with frequent urinary tract infections
B. An adult with frequent urinary tract infection
C. An adult with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease
D. An adult with metastatic renal cancer - ANSWER C. An adult with autosomal-
dominant polycystic kidney disease
The nurse understands that which diagnostic study is most specific in
identifying PKD?
A. Abdominal x-ray
B. Serum creatinine level
C. Urinalysis
D. Computed tomography scan - ANSWER D. Computed tomography scan
The nurse correlates which clinical manifestations with the pathophysiology of
acute pyelonephritis? (Select all that apply.)
A. Nausea and vomiting
B. Hematuria
C. Flank pain
D. Fever
E. Abdominal pain - ANSWER A. Nausea and vomiting
B. Hematuria
,C. Flank pain
D. Fever
What is the etiological process in glomerulonephritis?
A. Tubular necrosis caused by bacteria and antibody reactions
B. Deposition of immunological complexes and complement along the GBM
C. Deposition of bacteria and immunological components within the loop of
Henle
D. Destruction of proteolytic enzymes contained in the GBM - ANSWER B.
Deposition of immunological complexes and complement along the GBM
Which of the following risk factors has been associated with renal cancer?
A. Aspirin use
B. Alcohol abuse
C. Use of artificial sweeteners
D. Cigarette smoking - ANSWER D. Cigarette smoking
The nurse recognizes that which patient has the highest risk of renal cancer?
A. A 76-year-old African American female
B. A 50-year-old Caucasian male
C. A 24-year-old Caucasian male
D. A 50-year-old African American male - ANSWER D. A 50-year-old African
American male
The nurse providing care for the patient post-motor vehicle accident with a
suspected injury to the renal system anticipates which of the following orders?
A. Perform an electrocardiogram (ECG).
B. Send a urinalysis to the laboratory.
C. Administer diuretics.
D. Administer antihypertensives. - ANSWER B. Send a urinalysis to the
laboratory.
Prior to the patient's CT scan, which information should be obtained from the
patient or family member?
A. A family history of CT scans
B. Time of patient's last meal
C. List of patient's allergies
D. Time of last pain medication - ANSWER C. List of patient's allergies
Which is a prerenal cause of AKI?
, A. Acute glomerulonephritis and neoplasms
B. Septic shock and nephrotoxic injury from medications
C. Pyelonephritis and calculi formation
D. Hypovolemia and myocardial infarction - ANSWER D. Hypovolemia and
myocardial infarction
When the patient is in the diuretic phase of AKI, the nurse must monitor which
serum electrolyte imbalance?
A. Hypokalemia and hyponatremia
B. Hypokalemia and hypernatremia
C. Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia
D. Hyperkalemia and hypernatremia - ANSWER C. Hyperkalemia and
hyponatremia
The risk factor or factors most often associated with CKD include which of the
following? (Select all that apply.)
A. Hypertension
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Malnutrition
D. Peripheral vascular disease
E. Smoking - ANSWER A. Hypertension
B. Diabetes mellitus
The nurse understands that CKD is characterized by which of the following?
A. A rapid decrease in urine output with a CKD-elevated BUN
B. Progressive, irreversible destruction to the kidneys
C. Abrupt increasing creatinine clearance with a decrease in urinary output
D. Confusion and somnolence leading to coma and death - ANSWER B.
Progressive, irreversible destruction to the kidneys
The nurse understands that CRRT is indicated for which of the following
patients?
A. A hospitalized but hemodynamically stable patient
B. A hospitalized, hemodynamically unstable patient
C. A hospitalized ESRD patient being discharged home soon
D. A hospitalized ESRD patient who is stable but in an intensive care setting -
ANSWER B. A hospitalized, hemodynamically unstable patient
The nurse recognizes which patient is at greatest risk for a UTI?
A. A 35-year-old sexually active male
B. A 23-year-old sexually active female
