PRIMARY CARE ADULT/GERO EXAM
1: CARE OF ADULT/GERO PT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2026
older adult - ANSWERS65 years and older
What factors support a healthy adult aging life style? - ANSWERSexercise regularly,
healthy weight, good nutrition
genetic cellular theories - ANSWERSaging is a consequence of a built-in cellular
biological clock
Nongenetic cellular theories - ANSWERScellular damage occurs over time as a
consequence of both intrinsic and extrinsic damage as opposed to a reprogrammed
time frame
physiological systems theory - ANSWERSaging occurs as a result of the failure of
psychological systems
Erik Erikson Theory - ANSWERSego integrity vs desapair
Robert Peck's theory - ANSWERS- older adults who cannot resolve these conflicts or
accept a new state of affairs are at higher risk for maladaptive responses
-Ego Differentiation vs. Work-role Preoccupation
-Body Transcendence vs. Body Preoccupation
-Ego Transcendence vs. Ego Preoccupations
Daniel Levinson's theory - ANSWERS- individual must come to terms with the
inevitability of death
-that adults question the life structures they build and experience a midlife crisis in their
early 40s.
developmental tasks theory - ANSWERS- adjust to:
- decreasing physical strength and health
- retirement and reduced income
- death of partner
-affiliation with peers
- adapt to social rules
- establish satisfactory physical living arrangements
, geriatric motto? - ANSWERSstart low and go slow
iatrogenic disease - ANSWERSa condition that is caused by a medical treatment
what happens to immune system with age? - ANSWERS-It becomes less effective at
combating disease
- less stimulated by bacterial and viral infections
- vaccines not as effective
-symptoms are different: confusion, agitation, delirium
- cognitive function might be side effect of medications
- poly pharmacy
cardiac changes with aging - ANSWERS- increased BP
- arrhythmias
-orthostatic hypotension risk
- decreased exercise tolerance
- valsalva maneuver may cause drop in blood pressure
integumentary changes with aging? - ANSWERS- thinning of skin, increased
susceptibility to tearing
- dryness and pruritus
- decreased sweating and ability to regulate body heat
-increased wrinkling and laxity of skin
- loss of fatty pads protecting bone and resulting in pain
- increased need for protection from sun
- increased time healing of wounds
gastrointestinal changes with aging? - ANSWERS-decreased appetite
- discomfort after eating related to slowed passage of food
- decreased absorption of calcium and iron
- alteration of drug effectiveness
- increased constipation, esophageal spasm, diverticular disease
- decreased gastric acid secreation
- less efficient cholesterol
- slowing in esophageal emptying
neurological changes with aging - ANSWERS-degeneration of nerve cells, decrease in
neurotransmitters, decrease in rate of conduction of impulses
- parkinsons
-alteration in gait pattern
- increased risk hemorrhage or cerebrovascular accident
What are gait pattern changes with aging? - ANSWERSwide based, shorter stepped,
flexed forward
respiratory changes with aging? - ANSWERS-recoil is lost
-chest wall stiffens
1: CARE OF ADULT/GERO PT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2026
older adult - ANSWERS65 years and older
What factors support a healthy adult aging life style? - ANSWERSexercise regularly,
healthy weight, good nutrition
genetic cellular theories - ANSWERSaging is a consequence of a built-in cellular
biological clock
Nongenetic cellular theories - ANSWERScellular damage occurs over time as a
consequence of both intrinsic and extrinsic damage as opposed to a reprogrammed
time frame
physiological systems theory - ANSWERSaging occurs as a result of the failure of
psychological systems
Erik Erikson Theory - ANSWERSego integrity vs desapair
Robert Peck's theory - ANSWERS- older adults who cannot resolve these conflicts or
accept a new state of affairs are at higher risk for maladaptive responses
-Ego Differentiation vs. Work-role Preoccupation
-Body Transcendence vs. Body Preoccupation
-Ego Transcendence vs. Ego Preoccupations
Daniel Levinson's theory - ANSWERS- individual must come to terms with the
inevitability of death
-that adults question the life structures they build and experience a midlife crisis in their
early 40s.
developmental tasks theory - ANSWERS- adjust to:
- decreasing physical strength and health
- retirement and reduced income
- death of partner
-affiliation with peers
- adapt to social rules
- establish satisfactory physical living arrangements
, geriatric motto? - ANSWERSstart low and go slow
iatrogenic disease - ANSWERSa condition that is caused by a medical treatment
what happens to immune system with age? - ANSWERS-It becomes less effective at
combating disease
- less stimulated by bacterial and viral infections
- vaccines not as effective
-symptoms are different: confusion, agitation, delirium
- cognitive function might be side effect of medications
- poly pharmacy
cardiac changes with aging - ANSWERS- increased BP
- arrhythmias
-orthostatic hypotension risk
- decreased exercise tolerance
- valsalva maneuver may cause drop in blood pressure
integumentary changes with aging? - ANSWERS- thinning of skin, increased
susceptibility to tearing
- dryness and pruritus
- decreased sweating and ability to regulate body heat
-increased wrinkling and laxity of skin
- loss of fatty pads protecting bone and resulting in pain
- increased need for protection from sun
- increased time healing of wounds
gastrointestinal changes with aging? - ANSWERS-decreased appetite
- discomfort after eating related to slowed passage of food
- decreased absorption of calcium and iron
- alteration of drug effectiveness
- increased constipation, esophageal spasm, diverticular disease
- decreased gastric acid secreation
- less efficient cholesterol
- slowing in esophageal emptying
neurological changes with aging - ANSWERS-degeneration of nerve cells, decrease in
neurotransmitters, decrease in rate of conduction of impulses
- parkinsons
-alteration in gait pattern
- increased risk hemorrhage or cerebrovascular accident
What are gait pattern changes with aging? - ANSWERSwide based, shorter stepped,
flexed forward
respiratory changes with aging? - ANSWERS-recoil is lost
-chest wall stiffens
