SFU PSYC 365 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
A-delta fibres - Answers - the afferent peripheral fibres that are associated with
transmitting sharp, distinct pain
Absorption - Answers - the process by which nutrients move from the digestive tract to
the bloodstream and the lymphatic system; occurs primarily in the small intestine
Acceleration-deceleration anjury - Answers - type of concussion that occurs when an
immobile head is hit with a mobile object, or a moving head hits an immobile object
acceptance - Answers - the final stage of Kubler-Ross's theory of death and dying, in
which people achieve a peaceful acceptance of their own death
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome - Answers - a disease that develops as the
result of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); the body's compromised immune
system makes it susceptible to a host of other infections
active leisure - Answers - a positive experience that is associated with activities such as
hobbies, playing a musical instrument, and exercise
active-passive model - Answers - situation in which patients are unable to participate in
their care or to make decisions because of their medical condition
acupuncture - Answers - an ancient Chinese pain control technique that involves the
insertion of fine needles to create stimulation to peripheral nerves
acute illness - Answers - illness with defined beginning and end
acute pain - Answers - pain that lasts less than 6 months and serves to warn of
impending tissue damage or the need for convalescent (recovery) rest
acute stressor - Answers - stressor that is immediate in its duration and proximity
addiction - Answers - state of being physically or psychologically dependent on a
substance
addictive smokers - Answers - smokers who develop a psychological dependence on
smoking and are keenly aware when they are not smoking
adherence - Answers - degree to which patients carry out the behaviours and
treatments that physicians and other health professionals recommend
adjuvant therapy - Answers - therapy used in conjunction with other therapy
,adrenal cortex - Answers - the outer portion of the adrenal gland; at times of stress
supplies hormones to the body that provide energy and increase blood pressure, but
that can adversely affect the body's ability to resist and recover from disease
adrenal medulla - Answers - the central portion of the adrenal gland; secretes
catecholamines (containing both adrenaline and noradrenaline) when the hypothalamus
initiates the stress response
advanced illness - Answers - stage of illness at which death is imminent
advanced-practice nursing - Answers - nursing that includes teaching, consulting, and
research within a specialty area where superior clinical skills and judgement are
acquired through a combination of experience and education
aerobic exercise - Answers - exercise, such as jogging, that involves the increased
consumption of oxygen over and extended period of time
afferent (sensory) neurons - Answers - nerve cells that conduct impulses from a sense
organ to the central nervous system, or from lower to higher levels in the spinal cord
and brain
agency-provided support - Answers - social support provided by agencies and
organizations that have been formed to fill the void when naturally occurring support is
either lacking or unavailable
agent - Answers - in epidemiology, the means by which a disease spreads
alarm - Answers - the initial phase of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome in which the
body mobilizes its defences against a stressor
alcohol dependency syndrome model - Answers - a theory suggesting that for a variety
of reasons people do not exercise control over their drinking, and this leads to problem
drinking
alcohol myopia - Answers - a drinker's decreased ability to engage in insightful cognitive
processing
allostatic load - Answers - the long-term physiological impact of chronic exposure to
stress
alternative treatment - Answers - any intervention or treatment that is not allopathic
alveoli - Answers - tiny air sacs found at the ends of the bronchioles; gas (O2 and CO2)
is exchanged between the air and the blood via the 300 millions alveoli in the lungs
,anaerobic exercise - Answers - exercise, such as sprinting, in which intense effort is
expended over a short period of time, resulting in an oxygen debt
anger - Answers - a reaction that often follows denial when people are confronted with
novel and severe trauma, as identified by Kubler-Ross
angioplasty - Answers - a procedure in which a bubble-like device is inserted into the
artery at the point of the blockage, thus expanding the artery and allowing for better
blood flow
anorexia nervosa - Answers - an eating disorder that is characterized by a dramatic
reduction in food intake and extreme weight loss due to an extreme fear of gaining
weight
anticipatory nausea - Answers - nausea that is felt before a chemotherapy treatment
begins, explained in terms of classical conditioning
antidepressants - Answers - medications that reduce the depression that frequently
accompanies pain; it is also believed that they affect pain-related neurotransmitters
antiemetic medication - Answers - medication intended to reduce nausea and vomiting
antigens - Answers - microorganisms that are foreign to our physiology
aorta - Answers - the main artery carrying oxygen-rich blood away from the heart
applied discipline - Answers - any field in which researchers spend more time using
theories to explain real-world phenomena than they do developing the theories
appraisal delay - Answers - the time it takes one to decide that a symptom is a sign of
illness
arbitrary standards - Answers - standards used to evaluate health promotion programs
forwarded by a body that exists outside the community involved in the promotional
campaign
arrhythmia - Answers - an irregular beating of the heart, such as rapid heart beat or
changing patterns of beating
asymptomatic - Answers - conditions that are not accompanied by palpable symptoms
or sensations
atria - Answers - the upper two chambers of the heart; atria receive blood returning to
the heart and transfer it to the ventricles
attitude - Answers - a cognition in which a person evaluates some object or idea
, attributions - Answers - the explanations people people for events such as their
successes and failures
autoimmune diseases - Answers - occur when the immune system works against the
body's own cells; one of the best-known autoimmune diseases is arthritis
autonomic activity - Answers - physiological processes that cannot be consciously
controlled, such as heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, hand surface
temperature, and skin conductance
autonomic nervous system - Answers - responsible for involuntary activity and controls
the cardiac muscle of the heart, smooth muscle of the internal organs, and most glands;
this system is very important for the maintenance of homeostasis
autorhythmicity - Answers - the capacity of a cardiac muscle to fire by itself; the pulsing
of the heart is regulated by autorhythmic cells
aversion therapy - Answers - therapy that includes pairing a behaviour with some
unpleasant stimulus so that the undesired behaviour will illicit negative sensations
B lymphocyte ells - Answers - cells tha, when re-encountering a specific pathogen,
produce an antibody designed to eliminate the pathogen
bargaining - Answers - a response, identified by Kubler-Ross, that may occur when a
person is confronted with novel and severe trauma; includes trying to do things that will
buy more time
behavioural delay - Answers - the elapsed time between the decision to seek medical
care and acting on this decision by making an appointment
behavioural medicine - Answers - a branch of medicine concerned with the relationship
between health and behaviour; the focus is usually on remediation
beliefs as person variables - Answers - pre-existing notions, both personal and cultural,
that influence appraisal, and thus stress, by determining the meaning given to the
environment
benefit finding - Answers - attitude or technique that is often referred to as finding the
"silver lining in the cloud", which appears to aid in post-traumatic growth
benign breast biopsy - Answers - when the results of a biopsy procedure show no
evidence of malignancy
benign-positive appraisal - Answers - a cognitive process by which an event is
appraised to involve outcomes that are positive and may enhance well-being
A-delta fibres - Answers - the afferent peripheral fibres that are associated with
transmitting sharp, distinct pain
Absorption - Answers - the process by which nutrients move from the digestive tract to
the bloodstream and the lymphatic system; occurs primarily in the small intestine
Acceleration-deceleration anjury - Answers - type of concussion that occurs when an
immobile head is hit with a mobile object, or a moving head hits an immobile object
acceptance - Answers - the final stage of Kubler-Ross's theory of death and dying, in
which people achieve a peaceful acceptance of their own death
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome - Answers - a disease that develops as the
result of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); the body's compromised immune
system makes it susceptible to a host of other infections
active leisure - Answers - a positive experience that is associated with activities such as
hobbies, playing a musical instrument, and exercise
active-passive model - Answers - situation in which patients are unable to participate in
their care or to make decisions because of their medical condition
acupuncture - Answers - an ancient Chinese pain control technique that involves the
insertion of fine needles to create stimulation to peripheral nerves
acute illness - Answers - illness with defined beginning and end
acute pain - Answers - pain that lasts less than 6 months and serves to warn of
impending tissue damage or the need for convalescent (recovery) rest
acute stressor - Answers - stressor that is immediate in its duration and proximity
addiction - Answers - state of being physically or psychologically dependent on a
substance
addictive smokers - Answers - smokers who develop a psychological dependence on
smoking and are keenly aware when they are not smoking
adherence - Answers - degree to which patients carry out the behaviours and
treatments that physicians and other health professionals recommend
adjuvant therapy - Answers - therapy used in conjunction with other therapy
,adrenal cortex - Answers - the outer portion of the adrenal gland; at times of stress
supplies hormones to the body that provide energy and increase blood pressure, but
that can adversely affect the body's ability to resist and recover from disease
adrenal medulla - Answers - the central portion of the adrenal gland; secretes
catecholamines (containing both adrenaline and noradrenaline) when the hypothalamus
initiates the stress response
advanced illness - Answers - stage of illness at which death is imminent
advanced-practice nursing - Answers - nursing that includes teaching, consulting, and
research within a specialty area where superior clinical skills and judgement are
acquired through a combination of experience and education
aerobic exercise - Answers - exercise, such as jogging, that involves the increased
consumption of oxygen over and extended period of time
afferent (sensory) neurons - Answers - nerve cells that conduct impulses from a sense
organ to the central nervous system, or from lower to higher levels in the spinal cord
and brain
agency-provided support - Answers - social support provided by agencies and
organizations that have been formed to fill the void when naturally occurring support is
either lacking or unavailable
agent - Answers - in epidemiology, the means by which a disease spreads
alarm - Answers - the initial phase of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome in which the
body mobilizes its defences against a stressor
alcohol dependency syndrome model - Answers - a theory suggesting that for a variety
of reasons people do not exercise control over their drinking, and this leads to problem
drinking
alcohol myopia - Answers - a drinker's decreased ability to engage in insightful cognitive
processing
allostatic load - Answers - the long-term physiological impact of chronic exposure to
stress
alternative treatment - Answers - any intervention or treatment that is not allopathic
alveoli - Answers - tiny air sacs found at the ends of the bronchioles; gas (O2 and CO2)
is exchanged between the air and the blood via the 300 millions alveoli in the lungs
,anaerobic exercise - Answers - exercise, such as sprinting, in which intense effort is
expended over a short period of time, resulting in an oxygen debt
anger - Answers - a reaction that often follows denial when people are confronted with
novel and severe trauma, as identified by Kubler-Ross
angioplasty - Answers - a procedure in which a bubble-like device is inserted into the
artery at the point of the blockage, thus expanding the artery and allowing for better
blood flow
anorexia nervosa - Answers - an eating disorder that is characterized by a dramatic
reduction in food intake and extreme weight loss due to an extreme fear of gaining
weight
anticipatory nausea - Answers - nausea that is felt before a chemotherapy treatment
begins, explained in terms of classical conditioning
antidepressants - Answers - medications that reduce the depression that frequently
accompanies pain; it is also believed that they affect pain-related neurotransmitters
antiemetic medication - Answers - medication intended to reduce nausea and vomiting
antigens - Answers - microorganisms that are foreign to our physiology
aorta - Answers - the main artery carrying oxygen-rich blood away from the heart
applied discipline - Answers - any field in which researchers spend more time using
theories to explain real-world phenomena than they do developing the theories
appraisal delay - Answers - the time it takes one to decide that a symptom is a sign of
illness
arbitrary standards - Answers - standards used to evaluate health promotion programs
forwarded by a body that exists outside the community involved in the promotional
campaign
arrhythmia - Answers - an irregular beating of the heart, such as rapid heart beat or
changing patterns of beating
asymptomatic - Answers - conditions that are not accompanied by palpable symptoms
or sensations
atria - Answers - the upper two chambers of the heart; atria receive blood returning to
the heart and transfer it to the ventricles
attitude - Answers - a cognition in which a person evaluates some object or idea
, attributions - Answers - the explanations people people for events such as their
successes and failures
autoimmune diseases - Answers - occur when the immune system works against the
body's own cells; one of the best-known autoimmune diseases is arthritis
autonomic activity - Answers - physiological processes that cannot be consciously
controlled, such as heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, hand surface
temperature, and skin conductance
autonomic nervous system - Answers - responsible for involuntary activity and controls
the cardiac muscle of the heart, smooth muscle of the internal organs, and most glands;
this system is very important for the maintenance of homeostasis
autorhythmicity - Answers - the capacity of a cardiac muscle to fire by itself; the pulsing
of the heart is regulated by autorhythmic cells
aversion therapy - Answers - therapy that includes pairing a behaviour with some
unpleasant stimulus so that the undesired behaviour will illicit negative sensations
B lymphocyte ells - Answers - cells tha, when re-encountering a specific pathogen,
produce an antibody designed to eliminate the pathogen
bargaining - Answers - a response, identified by Kubler-Ross, that may occur when a
person is confronted with novel and severe trauma; includes trying to do things that will
buy more time
behavioural delay - Answers - the elapsed time between the decision to seek medical
care and acting on this decision by making an appointment
behavioural medicine - Answers - a branch of medicine concerned with the relationship
between health and behaviour; the focus is usually on remediation
beliefs as person variables - Answers - pre-existing notions, both personal and cultural,
that influence appraisal, and thus stress, by determining the meaning given to the
environment
benefit finding - Answers - attitude or technique that is often referred to as finding the
"silver lining in the cloud", which appears to aid in post-traumatic growth
benign breast biopsy - Answers - when the results of a biopsy procedure show no
evidence of malignancy
benign-positive appraisal - Answers - a cognitive process by which an event is
appraised to involve outcomes that are positive and may enhance well-being
