NRS 2020 - Pharmacology - Exam 1
Drug Info Questions and Answers.
Vancomycin - Answer Drug Class - Glycopeptide antibiotics
MOA - Bactericidal
· Inhibits cell wall synthesis of bacteria by binding to molecules necessary for cell wall synthesis.
· Hinders bacterial cell wall synthesis, damaging the bacterial plasma membrane and making the
cell more vulnerable to osmotic pressure.
· Also interferes with RNA synthesis of the bacteria.
Used to treat severe infections when other antibiotics are ineffective or contraindicated,
including:
· MRSA, Staphylococcus epidermidis and diphtheroid organisms
· C. difficile
· Staphylococcal enterocolitis
· Gram + bacteria only
Nursing Considerations
· Pregnancy test at baseline
· Assess renal function and UO, BUN and Cr
· Monitor for allergies, toxicity, ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis and thrombocytopenia
Precautions/Contraindications
· Hypersensitivity to drug/ingredient or corn
· Pregnancy
· Renal impairment, nephrotoxic agent use
· Hearing impairment, ototoxic agent use
· Elderly patients
· Intestinal inflammation
Azithromycin - Answer Drug Class - Macrolide antibiotics
MOA
· Bacteriostatic mostly, but can be bactericidal
, · Inhibits bacterial RNA protein synthesis and suppresses reproduction of the bacteria
· Does not actually kill the bacteria, but inhibits additional growth so immune system can kill the
bacteria.
· Binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis.
· Used to treat both gram + and gram - bacteria
· Commonly used to treat respiratory infections, otitis media, pelvic inflammatory infections and
Chlamydia
· COPD exacerbations
· Community-acquired pneumonia
· Acute bacterial sinusitis
· Pharyngitis, tonsillitis
Nursing Coniderations
· Monitor pt. for superinfection, CDAD, and allergic reactions.
· Monitor liver function and for s/s of jaundice, hepatotoxicity and hepatitis. Monitor for
dysrhythmias.
· GI upset is common and to take medication with food.
Precautions/Contraindications
· Hypersensitivity to drug/ingredient
· Hepatic impairment, jaundice
· QT prolongation
· Ventricular arrthymia, bradycardia, MI, CHF
· Electrolyte abnormalities
· Abx-associated colitis
Penicillin G - Answer Drug Class - Beta-Lactam antibiotics
MOA
· Bactericidal
· Kills the target bacteria by weakening the cell wall of the bacteria causing it to take up excess
water and rupture.
· Disrupts the synthesis of proteins needed in the bacteria's cell wall causing impairment to the
cell wall and promoting its active destruction. Active destruction occurs by inhibiting
transpeptidases needed for cell wall synthesis and activating autolysins that break bonds in the
cell wall.
Drug Info Questions and Answers.
Vancomycin - Answer Drug Class - Glycopeptide antibiotics
MOA - Bactericidal
· Inhibits cell wall synthesis of bacteria by binding to molecules necessary for cell wall synthesis.
· Hinders bacterial cell wall synthesis, damaging the bacterial plasma membrane and making the
cell more vulnerable to osmotic pressure.
· Also interferes with RNA synthesis of the bacteria.
Used to treat severe infections when other antibiotics are ineffective or contraindicated,
including:
· MRSA, Staphylococcus epidermidis and diphtheroid organisms
· C. difficile
· Staphylococcal enterocolitis
· Gram + bacteria only
Nursing Considerations
· Pregnancy test at baseline
· Assess renal function and UO, BUN and Cr
· Monitor for allergies, toxicity, ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis and thrombocytopenia
Precautions/Contraindications
· Hypersensitivity to drug/ingredient or corn
· Pregnancy
· Renal impairment, nephrotoxic agent use
· Hearing impairment, ototoxic agent use
· Elderly patients
· Intestinal inflammation
Azithromycin - Answer Drug Class - Macrolide antibiotics
MOA
· Bacteriostatic mostly, but can be bactericidal
, · Inhibits bacterial RNA protein synthesis and suppresses reproduction of the bacteria
· Does not actually kill the bacteria, but inhibits additional growth so immune system can kill the
bacteria.
· Binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis.
· Used to treat both gram + and gram - bacteria
· Commonly used to treat respiratory infections, otitis media, pelvic inflammatory infections and
Chlamydia
· COPD exacerbations
· Community-acquired pneumonia
· Acute bacterial sinusitis
· Pharyngitis, tonsillitis
Nursing Coniderations
· Monitor pt. for superinfection, CDAD, and allergic reactions.
· Monitor liver function and for s/s of jaundice, hepatotoxicity and hepatitis. Monitor for
dysrhythmias.
· GI upset is common and to take medication with food.
Precautions/Contraindications
· Hypersensitivity to drug/ingredient
· Hepatic impairment, jaundice
· QT prolongation
· Ventricular arrthymia, bradycardia, MI, CHF
· Electrolyte abnormalities
· Abx-associated colitis
Penicillin G - Answer Drug Class - Beta-Lactam antibiotics
MOA
· Bactericidal
· Kills the target bacteria by weakening the cell wall of the bacteria causing it to take up excess
water and rupture.
· Disrupts the synthesis of proteins needed in the bacteria's cell wall causing impairment to the
cell wall and promoting its active destruction. Active destruction occurs by inhibiting
transpeptidases needed for cell wall synthesis and activating autolysins that break bonds in the
cell wall.
