Nrs 2020 Pharmacology Final Exam
and All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
Drug - Answer any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Pharmacology - Answer the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
Clinical Pharmacology - Answer Study of drug effects in humans
Therapeutics - Answer The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent
pregnancy
What makes up drug safety? (10) - Answer Effectiveness
Safety
Selectivity
Reversible action
Predictability
Ease of administration
Freedom from interactions
Cost
Stability
Generic form
Effectiveness of drugs - Answer Most important of drug properties
Produces intended response
FDA requires effectiveness to be presented before approved
Safety of Drugs - Answer Drugs cannot produce HARMFUL effects
Drugs can produce ADVERSE effects based on dosage, prolonged use and age of patient
Selectivity of Drugs - Answer Only produces intended response
Targets certain receptions and interacts with tissues and cells where response is produced
All have side effects
,Reversible action of drugs - Answer Not permanent, all are reversible
Predictability of drugs - Answer not 100% certain: how a drug responds to a drug
Ease of administration of drugs + what does it improve - Answer Simple route and how
frequently is it taken daily
can improve patient adherence, lower cost and risk
Freedom from interactions of Drugs - Answer As a nurse, you need to be aware of anythings
the patient is taken and interactions between:
Drug to drug
food to drug
herbal supplements to drug
Cost of drugs - Answer Key is affordability
Stability of drugs - Answer Can lose effectiveness if not properly store
least stable drugs - Answer Iv, immunizations and liquids (expire quicker)
Most stable drugs - Answer Tablets, capsules, pills (don't expire too quickly)
Generic form of drugs + interactions - Answer Less expensive, more available
Do not switch a patient from one form to another as it can be detrimental
Key principles to drug response (3) - Answer Intensity of drug is determined by
concentration
Primary detriment is concentration of administration dose (does something affect this?)
Critical that a drug is administered correctly to achieve therapeutic benefits
Drug benefits and intensity are determined by.. - Answer Administration
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Administration - Answer Drug dosage, route and timing are key to determine response
Safety is dependent on administration
, 6 rights of drug administration - Answer Right Patient
Right Drug
Right dose
Right route
Right time
Right reason
Right documentation
Pharmacokinetics - Answer Study of drug movement throughout the body + responsible for
how much drug reaches site of action
4 process of pharmacokinetics - Answer absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Why is it critical to understand pharmacokinetics? - Answer To maximize drug safety
drug absoprtion - Answer movement of the drug into the bloodstream after administration
drug distribution - Answer Passage from blood to interstitial space of tissues & from there
into the celll
drug metabolism - Answer Alteration of drug structure
drug excretion - Answer Elimination of drugs and metabolites out of the body
Passage of drugs across membranes - Answer Drugs have to cross membranes to enter the
blood stream and then from there to the vascular system to reach site of action
3 ways to cross cell membrane - Answer Passage through channels or pore
Passage with aid of transport system
Direct penetration of membrane itself
passage through channels or pores + examples - Answer very few drugs cross through this
method as only the smallest of compounds may pass. Examples; Potassium and Sodium
and All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
Drug - Answer any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Pharmacology - Answer the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
Clinical Pharmacology - Answer Study of drug effects in humans
Therapeutics - Answer The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent
pregnancy
What makes up drug safety? (10) - Answer Effectiveness
Safety
Selectivity
Reversible action
Predictability
Ease of administration
Freedom from interactions
Cost
Stability
Generic form
Effectiveness of drugs - Answer Most important of drug properties
Produces intended response
FDA requires effectiveness to be presented before approved
Safety of Drugs - Answer Drugs cannot produce HARMFUL effects
Drugs can produce ADVERSE effects based on dosage, prolonged use and age of patient
Selectivity of Drugs - Answer Only produces intended response
Targets certain receptions and interacts with tissues and cells where response is produced
All have side effects
,Reversible action of drugs - Answer Not permanent, all are reversible
Predictability of drugs - Answer not 100% certain: how a drug responds to a drug
Ease of administration of drugs + what does it improve - Answer Simple route and how
frequently is it taken daily
can improve patient adherence, lower cost and risk
Freedom from interactions of Drugs - Answer As a nurse, you need to be aware of anythings
the patient is taken and interactions between:
Drug to drug
food to drug
herbal supplements to drug
Cost of drugs - Answer Key is affordability
Stability of drugs - Answer Can lose effectiveness if not properly store
least stable drugs - Answer Iv, immunizations and liquids (expire quicker)
Most stable drugs - Answer Tablets, capsules, pills (don't expire too quickly)
Generic form of drugs + interactions - Answer Less expensive, more available
Do not switch a patient from one form to another as it can be detrimental
Key principles to drug response (3) - Answer Intensity of drug is determined by
concentration
Primary detriment is concentration of administration dose (does something affect this?)
Critical that a drug is administered correctly to achieve therapeutic benefits
Drug benefits and intensity are determined by.. - Answer Administration
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Administration - Answer Drug dosage, route and timing are key to determine response
Safety is dependent on administration
, 6 rights of drug administration - Answer Right Patient
Right Drug
Right dose
Right route
Right time
Right reason
Right documentation
Pharmacokinetics - Answer Study of drug movement throughout the body + responsible for
how much drug reaches site of action
4 process of pharmacokinetics - Answer absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Why is it critical to understand pharmacokinetics? - Answer To maximize drug safety
drug absoprtion - Answer movement of the drug into the bloodstream after administration
drug distribution - Answer Passage from blood to interstitial space of tissues & from there
into the celll
drug metabolism - Answer Alteration of drug structure
drug excretion - Answer Elimination of drugs and metabolites out of the body
Passage of drugs across membranes - Answer Drugs have to cross membranes to enter the
blood stream and then from there to the vascular system to reach site of action
3 ways to cross cell membrane - Answer Passage through channels or pore
Passage with aid of transport system
Direct penetration of membrane itself
passage through channels or pores + examples - Answer very few drugs cross through this
method as only the smallest of compounds may pass. Examples; Potassium and Sodium
