EDF 6222 Final Exam Questions with
Correct Answers
Psychophysical parallelism - CORRECT ANSWER -While some methodological
behaviorists accept that there are mental states, they have ruled them
completely out of consideration. This is not a new concept and was once
referred to as .
Methodological - CORRECT ANSWER -behaviorism might be thought of as a
psychological version of logical positivism or operationism.
Introspection - CORRECT ANSWER -Structuralism relied on , which looked
inward to describe sensations, images, and feelings
Philosophy - CORRECT ANSWER -"Behaviorism is not the science of human
behavior; it is the of that science" (Skinner, 1974. P.3).
Parsimony - CORRECT ANSWER -With , we look for the simplest explanation
possible, not extensive mentalistic explanations.
Bias, evidence, replication - CORRECT ANSWER -In order to be excellent
stewards of science, as behavior analysts, we can follow a few guidelines
when gathering and evaluating evidence. This includes reducing ___ by
ensuring interobserver agreement, examining for actual ___(as opposed to
,effects that could have produced changes without the intervention), ___ ,
and self-correction.
Evidence - CORRECT ANSWER -Being scientifically skeptical means that until
there is available, assumptions should not be made.
Science, lawful relations - CORRECT ANSWER -"___ is more than the mere
description of events as they occur. It is an attempt to discover order, to
show that certain events stand in ___ to other events (Skinner, 1953, p.6)."
Mentalistic, explanatory - CORRECT ANSWER -In Pavlov's early research, he
did not jump to conclusions to suggest that the dog was "thinking" of food,
and therefore salivating. Instead, he carefully controlled conditions that
allowed him to show that particular stimuli can "acquire" the ability to elicit
secretion. His careful analysis of the scientific method allowed him to avoid
both ___ and ___ fictions
Debilitating - CORRECT ANSWER -The evolutionary explanation for reflexes
indicates that they are for the survival of the organism. However, we know
all too well that sometimes responses can be conditioned that serve no
purpose - even add a __ purpose - to our complex lives.
Conditioning, stimulus control, novel - CORRECT ANSWER -Skinner (1953)
informed us "Although the process of __ greatly extends the scope of the
eliciting stimulus, it does not bring all the behavior of the organism within
, such __ "(p. 56). Conditioning can add numerous different eliciting stimuli,
but it will never fashion a __ response.
Prediction, control, accessible - CORRECT ANSWER -According to Skinner,
contingencies of reinforcement have an edge over contingencies of survival
because contingencies of reinforcement "Have the edge with __ and __ and
the conditions under which a species acquires behavior are relatively __ and
can often be manipulated".
Ontogeny - CORRECT ANSWER -is the learned behaviors of a particular
animal during its lifetime.
Phylogeny - CORRECT ANSWER -is behaviors that have been passed down
over the lifetime of the entire species.
Chain, learned - CORRECT ANSWER -It can be difficult to distinguish between
ontogenetic and phylogenic established behaviors. For a person viewing a
complex __ for the first time, it may seem mysterious. But each step of the
chain can be traced back to the shaping process. Just because the shaping
process was not observed, it does not mean that it was not __ . However,
when we view a spider spin a web "no comparable history can be invoked"
to determine the phylogenic contingencies at work (Skinner, 1966, p.1208).
Genes, environment, cause - CORRECT ANSWER -Moore (2015) stated " __
predispose an individual's susceptibility to influence from the __ (p. 27). We
must be careful not to assert that genes "__ " behavior; rather, they set up
Correct Answers
Psychophysical parallelism - CORRECT ANSWER -While some methodological
behaviorists accept that there are mental states, they have ruled them
completely out of consideration. This is not a new concept and was once
referred to as .
Methodological - CORRECT ANSWER -behaviorism might be thought of as a
psychological version of logical positivism or operationism.
Introspection - CORRECT ANSWER -Structuralism relied on , which looked
inward to describe sensations, images, and feelings
Philosophy - CORRECT ANSWER -"Behaviorism is not the science of human
behavior; it is the of that science" (Skinner, 1974. P.3).
Parsimony - CORRECT ANSWER -With , we look for the simplest explanation
possible, not extensive mentalistic explanations.
Bias, evidence, replication - CORRECT ANSWER -In order to be excellent
stewards of science, as behavior analysts, we can follow a few guidelines
when gathering and evaluating evidence. This includes reducing ___ by
ensuring interobserver agreement, examining for actual ___(as opposed to
,effects that could have produced changes without the intervention), ___ ,
and self-correction.
Evidence - CORRECT ANSWER -Being scientifically skeptical means that until
there is available, assumptions should not be made.
Science, lawful relations - CORRECT ANSWER -"___ is more than the mere
description of events as they occur. It is an attempt to discover order, to
show that certain events stand in ___ to other events (Skinner, 1953, p.6)."
Mentalistic, explanatory - CORRECT ANSWER -In Pavlov's early research, he
did not jump to conclusions to suggest that the dog was "thinking" of food,
and therefore salivating. Instead, he carefully controlled conditions that
allowed him to show that particular stimuli can "acquire" the ability to elicit
secretion. His careful analysis of the scientific method allowed him to avoid
both ___ and ___ fictions
Debilitating - CORRECT ANSWER -The evolutionary explanation for reflexes
indicates that they are for the survival of the organism. However, we know
all too well that sometimes responses can be conditioned that serve no
purpose - even add a __ purpose - to our complex lives.
Conditioning, stimulus control, novel - CORRECT ANSWER -Skinner (1953)
informed us "Although the process of __ greatly extends the scope of the
eliciting stimulus, it does not bring all the behavior of the organism within
, such __ "(p. 56). Conditioning can add numerous different eliciting stimuli,
but it will never fashion a __ response.
Prediction, control, accessible - CORRECT ANSWER -According to Skinner,
contingencies of reinforcement have an edge over contingencies of survival
because contingencies of reinforcement "Have the edge with __ and __ and
the conditions under which a species acquires behavior are relatively __ and
can often be manipulated".
Ontogeny - CORRECT ANSWER -is the learned behaviors of a particular
animal during its lifetime.
Phylogeny - CORRECT ANSWER -is behaviors that have been passed down
over the lifetime of the entire species.
Chain, learned - CORRECT ANSWER -It can be difficult to distinguish between
ontogenetic and phylogenic established behaviors. For a person viewing a
complex __ for the first time, it may seem mysterious. But each step of the
chain can be traced back to the shaping process. Just because the shaping
process was not observed, it does not mean that it was not __ . However,
when we view a spider spin a web "no comparable history can be invoked"
to determine the phylogenic contingencies at work (Skinner, 1966, p.1208).
Genes, environment, cause - CORRECT ANSWER -Moore (2015) stated " __
predispose an individual's susceptibility to influence from the __ (p. 27). We
must be careful not to assert that genes "__ " behavior; rather, they set up
