EDF 6222 Exam 1 – Chapter 2 Questions with
Correct Answers
Critical thinking - CORRECT ANSWER -active application of a set of skills for
the purpose of understanding and evaluating that information
Empirical - CORRECT ANSWER -objective, tangible evidence that can be
observed repeatedly
Facts - CORRECT ANSWER -observable realities
Opinions - CORRECT ANSWER -personal judgements, conclusions, or
attitudes that may or may not be accurate
Deductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER -starts with a generalization that is
tested against real world observations & the empirical world. From broad
generalizations to specific observations
Inductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER -opposite direction of deductive
reasoning, uses empirical observations to construct broad generalizations.
Specific observations to broader generalizations
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER -a general statement about a phenomenon
, Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER -specific, testable prediction. Must be
worded in a way where they can be shown to be incorrect (falsifiable)
Case / clinical studies - CORRECT ANSWER -studying a few individuals in
much depth. Time consuming, expensive, and do not allow for much
generalization
Naturalistic observation - CORRECT ANSWER -watching or observing people
or animals in their natural habitat. More likely to behave naturally. Prone to
observer bias
Observer bias - CORRECT ANSWER -observers may unconsciously skew their
observations to fit their expectations because of close involvement in the
research project
Surveys - CORRECT ANSWER -lists of questions to be answered by research
subjects. Opposite of case studies: many individuals with less depth
Archival research - CORRECT ANSWER -looking at past records or data sets
for patterns or relationships.
Longitudinal research - CORRECT ANSWER -studying the same group of
people over an extended period of time
Correct Answers
Critical thinking - CORRECT ANSWER -active application of a set of skills for
the purpose of understanding and evaluating that information
Empirical - CORRECT ANSWER -objective, tangible evidence that can be
observed repeatedly
Facts - CORRECT ANSWER -observable realities
Opinions - CORRECT ANSWER -personal judgements, conclusions, or
attitudes that may or may not be accurate
Deductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER -starts with a generalization that is
tested against real world observations & the empirical world. From broad
generalizations to specific observations
Inductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER -opposite direction of deductive
reasoning, uses empirical observations to construct broad generalizations.
Specific observations to broader generalizations
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER -a general statement about a phenomenon
, Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER -specific, testable prediction. Must be
worded in a way where they can be shown to be incorrect (falsifiable)
Case / clinical studies - CORRECT ANSWER -studying a few individuals in
much depth. Time consuming, expensive, and do not allow for much
generalization
Naturalistic observation - CORRECT ANSWER -watching or observing people
or animals in their natural habitat. More likely to behave naturally. Prone to
observer bias
Observer bias - CORRECT ANSWER -observers may unconsciously skew their
observations to fit their expectations because of close involvement in the
research project
Surveys - CORRECT ANSWER -lists of questions to be answered by research
subjects. Opposite of case studies: many individuals with less depth
Archival research - CORRECT ANSWER -looking at past records or data sets
for patterns or relationships.
Longitudinal research - CORRECT ANSWER -studying the same group of
people over an extended period of time
