EDF 6222 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS &
CORRECT ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED
2026\2027 UPDATE!!
psychophysicaldparallelismd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Whiledsomedmethodologicaldbehavioristsdacceptdthatdtheredaredmentaldstates,dtheydhavedruleddthemdcom
pletelydoutdofdconsideration.dThisdisdnotdadnewdconceptdanddwasdoncedreferreddtodasd.
methodologicald-dCORRECTdANSWER-
behaviorismdmightdbedthoughtdofdasdadpsychologicaldversiondofdlogicaldpositivismdordoperationism.
introspectiond-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Structuralismdrelieddond,dwhichdlookeddinwarddtoddescribedsensations,dimages,danddfeelings
philosophyd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
"Behaviorismdisdnotdthedsciencedofdhumandbehavior;ditdisdthedofdthatdscience"d(Skinner,d1974.dp.3).
parsimonyd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Withd,dwedlookdfordthedsimplestdexplanationdpossible,dnotdextensivedmentalisticdexplanations.
bias,devidence,dreplicationd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Indorderdtodbedexcellentdstewardsdofdscience,dasdbehaviordanalysts,dwedcandfollowdadfewdguidelinesdwhend
gatheringdanddevaluatingdevidence.dThisdincludesdreducingd___dbydensuringdinterobserverdagreement,dexa
miningdfordactuald___(asdopposeddtodeffectsdthatdcoulddhavedproduceddchangesdwithoutdthedintervention)
,d___d,danddself-correction.
evidenced-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Beingdscientificallydskepticaldmeansdthatduntildtheredisdavailable,dassumptionsdshoulddnotdbedmade.
, science,dlawfuldrelationsd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
"___disdmoredthandthedmereddescriptiondofdeventsdasdtheydoccur.dItdisdandattemptdtoddiscoverdorder,dtodsh
owdthatdcertaindeventsdstanddind___dtodotherdeventsd(Skinner,d1953,dp.6)."
mentalistic,dexplanatoryd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
IndPavlov'sdearlydresearch,dheddiddnotdjumpdtodconclusionsdtodsuggestdthatdtheddogdwasd"thinking"dofdfood
,danddthereforedsalivating.dInstead,dhedcarefullydcontrolleddconditionsdthatdalloweddhimdtodshowdthatdparti
culardstimulidcand"acquire"dthedabilitydtodelicitdsecretion.dHisdcarefuldanalysisdofdthedscientificdmethoddallo
weddhimdtodavoiddbothd___dandd___dfictions
debilitatingd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Thedevolutionarydexplanationdfordreflexesdindicatesdthatdtheydaredfordthedsurvivaldofdthedorganism.dHowev
er,dwedknowdalldtoodwelldthatdsometimesdresponsesdcandbedconditioneddthatdservednodpurposed-
devendadddad__dpurposed-dtodourdcomplexdlives.
conditioning,dstimulusdcontrol,dnoveld-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Skinnerd(1953)dinformeddusd"Althoughdthedprocessdofd__dgreatlydextendsdthedscopedofdthedelicitingdstimul
us,ditddoesdnotdbringdalldthedbehaviordofdthedorganismdwithindsuchd__d"(p.d56).dConditioningdcandadddnume
rousddifferentdelicitingdstimuli,dbutditdwilldneverdfashiondad__dresponse.
prediction,dcontrol,daccessibled-dCORRECTdANSWER-
AccordingdtodSkinner,dcontingenciesdofdreinforcementdhavedandedgedoverdcontingenciesdofdsurvivaldbecau
sedcontingenciesdofdreinforcementd"Havedthededgedwithd__dandd__danddthedconditionsdunderdwhichdadspe
ciesdacquiresdbehaviordaredrelativelyd__danddcandoftendbedmanipulated".
ontogenyd-dCORRECTdANSWER-isdthedlearneddbehaviorsdofdadparticulardanimaldduringditsdlifetime.
phylogenyd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
isdbehaviorsdthatdhavedbeendpassedddowndoverdthedlifetimedofdthedentiredspecies.
chain,dlearnedd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Itdcandbeddifficultdtoddistinguishdbetweendontogeneticdanddphylogenicdestablisheddbehaviors.dFordadperso
ndviewingdadcomplexd__dfordthedfirstdtime,ditdmaydseemdmysterious.dButdeachdstepdofdthedchaindcandbedtrac
eddbackdtodthedshapingdprocess.dJustdbecausedthedshapingdprocessdwasdnotdobserved,ditddoesdnotdmeandth
atditdwasdnotd__d.dHowever,dwhendwedviewdadspiderdspindadwebd"nodcomparabledhistorydcandbedinvoked"dt
oddeterminedthedphylogenicdcontingenciesdatdworkd(Skinner,d1966,dp.1208).
CORRECT ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED
2026\2027 UPDATE!!
psychophysicaldparallelismd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Whiledsomedmethodologicaldbehavioristsdacceptdthatdtheredaredmentaldstates,dtheydhavedruleddthemdcom
pletelydoutdofdconsideration.dThisdisdnotdadnewdconceptdanddwasdoncedreferreddtodasd.
methodologicald-dCORRECTdANSWER-
behaviorismdmightdbedthoughtdofdasdadpsychologicaldversiondofdlogicaldpositivismdordoperationism.
introspectiond-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Structuralismdrelieddond,dwhichdlookeddinwarddtoddescribedsensations,dimages,danddfeelings
philosophyd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
"Behaviorismdisdnotdthedsciencedofdhumandbehavior;ditdisdthedofdthatdscience"d(Skinner,d1974.dp.3).
parsimonyd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Withd,dwedlookdfordthedsimplestdexplanationdpossible,dnotdextensivedmentalisticdexplanations.
bias,devidence,dreplicationd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Indorderdtodbedexcellentdstewardsdofdscience,dasdbehaviordanalysts,dwedcandfollowdadfewdguidelinesdwhend
gatheringdanddevaluatingdevidence.dThisdincludesdreducingd___dbydensuringdinterobserverdagreement,dexa
miningdfordactuald___(asdopposeddtodeffectsdthatdcoulddhavedproduceddchangesdwithoutdthedintervention)
,d___d,danddself-correction.
evidenced-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Beingdscientificallydskepticaldmeansdthatduntildtheredisdavailable,dassumptionsdshoulddnotdbedmade.
, science,dlawfuldrelationsd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
"___disdmoredthandthedmereddescriptiondofdeventsdasdtheydoccur.dItdisdandattemptdtoddiscoverdorder,dtodsh
owdthatdcertaindeventsdstanddind___dtodotherdeventsd(Skinner,d1953,dp.6)."
mentalistic,dexplanatoryd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
IndPavlov'sdearlydresearch,dheddiddnotdjumpdtodconclusionsdtodsuggestdthatdtheddogdwasd"thinking"dofdfood
,danddthereforedsalivating.dInstead,dhedcarefullydcontrolleddconditionsdthatdalloweddhimdtodshowdthatdparti
culardstimulidcand"acquire"dthedabilitydtodelicitdsecretion.dHisdcarefuldanalysisdofdthedscientificdmethoddallo
weddhimdtodavoiddbothd___dandd___dfictions
debilitatingd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Thedevolutionarydexplanationdfordreflexesdindicatesdthatdtheydaredfordthedsurvivaldofdthedorganism.dHowev
er,dwedknowdalldtoodwelldthatdsometimesdresponsesdcandbedconditioneddthatdservednodpurposed-
devendadddad__dpurposed-dtodourdcomplexdlives.
conditioning,dstimulusdcontrol,dnoveld-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Skinnerd(1953)dinformeddusd"Althoughdthedprocessdofd__dgreatlydextendsdthedscopedofdthedelicitingdstimul
us,ditddoesdnotdbringdalldthedbehaviordofdthedorganismdwithindsuchd__d"(p.d56).dConditioningdcandadddnume
rousddifferentdelicitingdstimuli,dbutditdwilldneverdfashiondad__dresponse.
prediction,dcontrol,daccessibled-dCORRECTdANSWER-
AccordingdtodSkinner,dcontingenciesdofdreinforcementdhavedandedgedoverdcontingenciesdofdsurvivaldbecau
sedcontingenciesdofdreinforcementd"Havedthededgedwithd__dandd__danddthedconditionsdunderdwhichdadspe
ciesdacquiresdbehaviordaredrelativelyd__danddcandoftendbedmanipulated".
ontogenyd-dCORRECTdANSWER-isdthedlearneddbehaviorsdofdadparticulardanimaldduringditsdlifetime.
phylogenyd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
isdbehaviorsdthatdhavedbeendpassedddowndoverdthedlifetimedofdthedentiredspecies.
chain,dlearnedd-dCORRECTdANSWER-
Itdcandbeddifficultdtoddistinguishdbetweendontogeneticdanddphylogenicdestablisheddbehaviors.dFordadperso
ndviewingdadcomplexd__dfordthedfirstdtime,ditdmaydseemdmysterious.dButdeachdstepdofdthedchaindcandbedtrac
eddbackdtodthedshapingdprocess.dJustdbecausedthedshapingdprocessdwasdnotdobserved,ditddoesdnotdmeandth
atditdwasdnotd__d.dHowever,dwhendwedviewdadspiderdspindadwebd"nodcomparabledhistorydcandbedinvoked"dt
oddeterminedthedphylogenicdcontingenciesdatdworkd(Skinner,d1966,dp.1208).