What are the two most significant acid-fast bacteria demonstrated by staining? - AN-
SWER Tuberculosis, leprae
Mallory's PTAH will stain myelin and glial cells what color? - ANSWER Blue
Argentaffin granules are stained by: - ANSWER Fontana-Masson and Schmorl
Tungsten in phosphotungstic acid will bind to what substance to give a blue dye lake? - AN-
SWER Hematein
Acid fast stains may be negative if the tissue was fixed in: - ANSWER Carnoy Solution
Weil's stains for what substance? - ANSWER Myelin
Pigments are - ANSWER various coloring agents, granules, in cells and tissues
In this technique, glial fibers are stained with what dye? - ANSWER Crystal Violet
What is Kinyoun often used to detect? - ANSWER Acid fast bacteria
Nissl substance: can it be demonstrated by Cresyl Echt Violet or Luxol Fast Blue? - AN-
SWER Cresyl Echt Violet
Bile is stained by: - ANSWER Hall technique using Fouchet reagent
1
,What is the preferred fixative for the Cajal technique? - ANSWER Formalin Ammonium
Bromide
This stain uses frozen sections, two chlorides, and demonstrates astrocytes. - ANSWER
Cajal Stain
In the Fite method, the organism stains what color? - ANSWER red
Fite method is a carbol fuchsin method
The purpose of special stains and pigments... - ANSWER To help differentiate between
differing cell components
What two stains demonstrate myelin? - ANSWER Weil's and Luxol Fast Blue
In the Kinyoun acid-fast stain, what stain is used to initially stain the bacteria and environ-
ment? What is the differentiator? - ANSWER Carbol fuchsin, mineral acid
What are the two differentiators used in the Weil method (not their chemical names; what
ARE they?) - ANSWER Excess mordant, Oxidizer
(Ferric Ammonium Sulfate and Borax Ferricyanide or Sodium Borate-Potassium Ferricyanide)
Calcium is stained by: - ANSWER Von Kassa and Alizarin Red S
Aniline oil can be used when a purple precipitate is noted on this stain. - ANSWER Holzer
The 3 categories pigments are classified under - ANSWER 1. artifact-which is placed in tis-
sue via chemical rxn
2.exogenous-formed outside the body and then taken in
2
,3. endogenous-formed within the body
In the LFB-CEV stain, one cause of too much background staining could be that the CEV's pH
is too ___ ? - ANSWER High
After Schiff reagent, tissues are rinsed in sulfate solution to: - ANSWER This is done to re-
move any excess leucofuchsin. Any remaining Schiff reagent may be oxidized by highly chlo-
rinated water and cause nonspecific staining.
Reducing substances can be stained using either of these two methods. - ANSWER Fon-
tana Masson, Schmorl's
In the Kinyoun acid-fast stain, carbol fuchsin is applied and treated with mineral acid, leaving
the stain in AFB. What two chemicals enhance the staining? Is the acid treatment alcoholic
or aqueous? - ANSWER Phenol, alcohol, alcoholic
What is the preferred fixative for the Cherukian-Schenk Technique? - ANSWER NBFH
Hemosiderin is stained by: - ANSWER Prussian Blue
Naphthol ASD-Chloroacetate demonstrates what type of cells? - ANSWER Granulocytes
in the Brown-Hopps modification of the Gram stain for tissues, Gram-positive organisms ap-
pear what color: - ANSWER blue-black
Fixation destroys enzyme __. - ANSWER Activity
Artifacts are... - ANSWER produced in tissue during processing which are usually a result
of fixation
3
, Factors that effect enzymes in tissue, other than pH and temperature, are (3) - ANSWER
Concentration, Inhibitors, Activators
What kind of alcohol does NOT dissolve acid fastness? Normal alcohol will destroy waxy cap-
sules. - ANSWER Acid
For fixed frozen enzyme preservation, the tissue is fixed in cold _____ ______ and stored in
_____ ______. - ANSWER Calcium Formal, Gum Sucrose
Melanin is stained by: - ANSWER Fontana Masson and Schmorl
A normal muscle biopsy is stained with the ATPase procedure. The Type 1 fibers stain light
and the Type 2 fibers stain dark. What is the pH? - ANSWER 9.4
Acid-fast stain depends on what property - ANSWER The ability to resist decolorization
with dilute acid is a basic property of acid-fast organisms and one on which carbol-fuchsin
stains depend.
A normal muscle biopsy is stained with the ATPase procedure. The Type 1 fibers stain dark
and the Type 2 fibers stain white. What is the pH? - ANSWER 4.2 (4.3)
In order to differentiate between Type 2a and Type 2b fibers, one must perform the ATPase
reaction at a pH of...? - ANSWER 4.6
Where do artifacts usually usually lie in relation to the tissue? What is the exception to this
rule? - ANSWER Artifacts lie on top and not inside of the tissue. Formalin is the exception
to the rule which has been found inside the tissue.
Reducing substances are stained by: - ANSWER -Fontana Masson
4
SWER Tuberculosis, leprae
Mallory's PTAH will stain myelin and glial cells what color? - ANSWER Blue
Argentaffin granules are stained by: - ANSWER Fontana-Masson and Schmorl
Tungsten in phosphotungstic acid will bind to what substance to give a blue dye lake? - AN-
SWER Hematein
Acid fast stains may be negative if the tissue was fixed in: - ANSWER Carnoy Solution
Weil's stains for what substance? - ANSWER Myelin
Pigments are - ANSWER various coloring agents, granules, in cells and tissues
In this technique, glial fibers are stained with what dye? - ANSWER Crystal Violet
What is Kinyoun often used to detect? - ANSWER Acid fast bacteria
Nissl substance: can it be demonstrated by Cresyl Echt Violet or Luxol Fast Blue? - AN-
SWER Cresyl Echt Violet
Bile is stained by: - ANSWER Hall technique using Fouchet reagent
1
,What is the preferred fixative for the Cajal technique? - ANSWER Formalin Ammonium
Bromide
This stain uses frozen sections, two chlorides, and demonstrates astrocytes. - ANSWER
Cajal Stain
In the Fite method, the organism stains what color? - ANSWER red
Fite method is a carbol fuchsin method
The purpose of special stains and pigments... - ANSWER To help differentiate between
differing cell components
What two stains demonstrate myelin? - ANSWER Weil's and Luxol Fast Blue
In the Kinyoun acid-fast stain, what stain is used to initially stain the bacteria and environ-
ment? What is the differentiator? - ANSWER Carbol fuchsin, mineral acid
What are the two differentiators used in the Weil method (not their chemical names; what
ARE they?) - ANSWER Excess mordant, Oxidizer
(Ferric Ammonium Sulfate and Borax Ferricyanide or Sodium Borate-Potassium Ferricyanide)
Calcium is stained by: - ANSWER Von Kassa and Alizarin Red S
Aniline oil can be used when a purple precipitate is noted on this stain. - ANSWER Holzer
The 3 categories pigments are classified under - ANSWER 1. artifact-which is placed in tis-
sue via chemical rxn
2.exogenous-formed outside the body and then taken in
2
,3. endogenous-formed within the body
In the LFB-CEV stain, one cause of too much background staining could be that the CEV's pH
is too ___ ? - ANSWER High
After Schiff reagent, tissues are rinsed in sulfate solution to: - ANSWER This is done to re-
move any excess leucofuchsin. Any remaining Schiff reagent may be oxidized by highly chlo-
rinated water and cause nonspecific staining.
Reducing substances can be stained using either of these two methods. - ANSWER Fon-
tana Masson, Schmorl's
In the Kinyoun acid-fast stain, carbol fuchsin is applied and treated with mineral acid, leaving
the stain in AFB. What two chemicals enhance the staining? Is the acid treatment alcoholic
or aqueous? - ANSWER Phenol, alcohol, alcoholic
What is the preferred fixative for the Cherukian-Schenk Technique? - ANSWER NBFH
Hemosiderin is stained by: - ANSWER Prussian Blue
Naphthol ASD-Chloroacetate demonstrates what type of cells? - ANSWER Granulocytes
in the Brown-Hopps modification of the Gram stain for tissues, Gram-positive organisms ap-
pear what color: - ANSWER blue-black
Fixation destroys enzyme __. - ANSWER Activity
Artifacts are... - ANSWER produced in tissue during processing which are usually a result
of fixation
3
, Factors that effect enzymes in tissue, other than pH and temperature, are (3) - ANSWER
Concentration, Inhibitors, Activators
What kind of alcohol does NOT dissolve acid fastness? Normal alcohol will destroy waxy cap-
sules. - ANSWER Acid
For fixed frozen enzyme preservation, the tissue is fixed in cold _____ ______ and stored in
_____ ______. - ANSWER Calcium Formal, Gum Sucrose
Melanin is stained by: - ANSWER Fontana Masson and Schmorl
A normal muscle biopsy is stained with the ATPase procedure. The Type 1 fibers stain light
and the Type 2 fibers stain dark. What is the pH? - ANSWER 9.4
Acid-fast stain depends on what property - ANSWER The ability to resist decolorization
with dilute acid is a basic property of acid-fast organisms and one on which carbol-fuchsin
stains depend.
A normal muscle biopsy is stained with the ATPase procedure. The Type 1 fibers stain dark
and the Type 2 fibers stain white. What is the pH? - ANSWER 4.2 (4.3)
In order to differentiate between Type 2a and Type 2b fibers, one must perform the ATPase
reaction at a pH of...? - ANSWER 4.6
Where do artifacts usually usually lie in relation to the tissue? What is the exception to this
rule? - ANSWER Artifacts lie on top and not inside of the tissue. Formalin is the exception
to the rule which has been found inside the tissue.
Reducing substances are stained by: - ANSWER -Fontana Masson
4
