NUR 240 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
How do we unrap sterile equipment? 1. Remove the outside wrapping of the sterile package and discard
2. Place the inner package on a clean, dry, waist-high table
3. Open sterile drape farthest away from you first
4. Grasp the next flap on the sterile package by the outer 1 inch border and open
toward the corresponding side. Repeat for the other side's flap. Don't touch the
the inside surface of the drape
5. Using the same technique as above, grasp the fourth corner flap of the drape
covering the sterile package and open it towards you. Be sure its fully open and
its flat against the table surface
6. The sterile package/tray is now visible to the user. At this time, the sterile gloved
and clothed individual can directly arrange the contents of the sterile
package/tray on the sterile field
7. Open the sterile package per the package instructions. Don't tear the package
open. When opening the sterile item, be sure to not touch the item itself or the
inside of the sterile package. Without touching the sterile item, drop item onto the
center of the sterile field from approximately 10 to 15 cm above the sterile field
How do we handle an IV line when changing a gown? Remove the gown from the non-IV arm first, then slide it over the IV site and
down the tubing. Remove the IV bag from the pole, feeding it through the sleeve,
keeping it above the patient. Reverse this process for the clean gown: slide the
bag through the new sleeve, hang it, then guide the IV arm through
Chain of Infection a sequence of factors needed for an infection to occur. Includes: presence of an
infectious agent, an available reservoir, a portal of exit from the reservoir, a mode
of transmission from the reservoir to a host, and a portal of entry to enter a
susceptible host.
Infectious Agent Something that contains bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite, or prion.
Breaking chain of infection: destroying infectious pathogens by disinfecting,
sterilizing, and cleaning or through antimicrobial treatment
Reservoir the habitat of the infectious agent—where it lives, grows, reproduces, and
replicates itself. Can be animate (people, insects, birds, and animals) or inanimate
(contaminated soil, water, food, medical equipment, IV fluids, and feces).
Breaking chain of infection: Nurses should use proper hand hygiene when caring
for clients, clients should receive preoperative skin preparation prior to surgery,
and the clinical or surgical environment should be cleansed properly by following
the facility's protocols
, Portal of exit the route by which an infectious pathogen can leave the reservoir. Can be any
body orifice (ears, nose, mouth, skin). Other ex: blood or bodily fluids that leave
the body through the GI tract, respiratory tract, and skin
Breaking chain of infection: careful containment of body fluids through usage of
drains or dressings and methods can be used to decrease body secretions
Mode of transmission How bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and prions move from place to place.
These are contact, droplet, airborne, and vector-borne
Breaking chain of infection: Hand hygiene and use of proper barrier devices can
eliminate various modes of transmission
Portal of entry Any body orifice (ears, nose, mouth or skin) that provides a place for an infectious
agent to replicate or for a toxin to act
Invasive lines and devices provide a portal of entry
Susceptible host required for the infectious agent to take hold and become a reservoir for
infection. Not everyone who is exposed to an infectious agent will get ill, some
people never exhibit manifestations at all but can become colonized with the
infectious agent
Breaking the chain of infection: Increase the host's line of defense including
immunizations, proper nutrition, dietary supplements, proper hygiene, and control
of blood sugar
Factors that determine how the client will react to the level of immunity at time of exposure, interactions between pathogens present in
infectious agent the body and the virulence of the infectious agent
What are the different types of infection? Local and Systemic
Type of infectious agent, the soundness of the client's immune system, and the
timeliness of treatment all influence the duration and severity of the infections
Local Infection confined to one area of the body. Can be treated with topical antibiotics and oral
antibiotics
Redness, swelling, warmth in the involved area; pain or tenderness, cough; loss of
function of the affected part
Systemic infections start as local infections and then move into the bloodstream, from which they
infect the entire body. IV antibiotics and careful monitoring are both needed to
treat systemic infections
-Fever, lethargy, anorexia, tenderness, enlarged lymph nodes
-Increased pulse and RR
Answers
How do we unrap sterile equipment? 1. Remove the outside wrapping of the sterile package and discard
2. Place the inner package on a clean, dry, waist-high table
3. Open sterile drape farthest away from you first
4. Grasp the next flap on the sterile package by the outer 1 inch border and open
toward the corresponding side. Repeat for the other side's flap. Don't touch the
the inside surface of the drape
5. Using the same technique as above, grasp the fourth corner flap of the drape
covering the sterile package and open it towards you. Be sure its fully open and
its flat against the table surface
6. The sterile package/tray is now visible to the user. At this time, the sterile gloved
and clothed individual can directly arrange the contents of the sterile
package/tray on the sterile field
7. Open the sterile package per the package instructions. Don't tear the package
open. When opening the sterile item, be sure to not touch the item itself or the
inside of the sterile package. Without touching the sterile item, drop item onto the
center of the sterile field from approximately 10 to 15 cm above the sterile field
How do we handle an IV line when changing a gown? Remove the gown from the non-IV arm first, then slide it over the IV site and
down the tubing. Remove the IV bag from the pole, feeding it through the sleeve,
keeping it above the patient. Reverse this process for the clean gown: slide the
bag through the new sleeve, hang it, then guide the IV arm through
Chain of Infection a sequence of factors needed for an infection to occur. Includes: presence of an
infectious agent, an available reservoir, a portal of exit from the reservoir, a mode
of transmission from the reservoir to a host, and a portal of entry to enter a
susceptible host.
Infectious Agent Something that contains bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite, or prion.
Breaking chain of infection: destroying infectious pathogens by disinfecting,
sterilizing, and cleaning or through antimicrobial treatment
Reservoir the habitat of the infectious agent—where it lives, grows, reproduces, and
replicates itself. Can be animate (people, insects, birds, and animals) or inanimate
(contaminated soil, water, food, medical equipment, IV fluids, and feces).
Breaking chain of infection: Nurses should use proper hand hygiene when caring
for clients, clients should receive preoperative skin preparation prior to surgery,
and the clinical or surgical environment should be cleansed properly by following
the facility's protocols
, Portal of exit the route by which an infectious pathogen can leave the reservoir. Can be any
body orifice (ears, nose, mouth, skin). Other ex: blood or bodily fluids that leave
the body through the GI tract, respiratory tract, and skin
Breaking chain of infection: careful containment of body fluids through usage of
drains or dressings and methods can be used to decrease body secretions
Mode of transmission How bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and prions move from place to place.
These are contact, droplet, airborne, and vector-borne
Breaking chain of infection: Hand hygiene and use of proper barrier devices can
eliminate various modes of transmission
Portal of entry Any body orifice (ears, nose, mouth or skin) that provides a place for an infectious
agent to replicate or for a toxin to act
Invasive lines and devices provide a portal of entry
Susceptible host required for the infectious agent to take hold and become a reservoir for
infection. Not everyone who is exposed to an infectious agent will get ill, some
people never exhibit manifestations at all but can become colonized with the
infectious agent
Breaking the chain of infection: Increase the host's line of defense including
immunizations, proper nutrition, dietary supplements, proper hygiene, and control
of blood sugar
Factors that determine how the client will react to the level of immunity at time of exposure, interactions between pathogens present in
infectious agent the body and the virulence of the infectious agent
What are the different types of infection? Local and Systemic
Type of infectious agent, the soundness of the client's immune system, and the
timeliness of treatment all influence the duration and severity of the infections
Local Infection confined to one area of the body. Can be treated with topical antibiotics and oral
antibiotics
Redness, swelling, warmth in the involved area; pain or tenderness, cough; loss of
function of the affected part
Systemic infections start as local infections and then move into the bloodstream, from which they
infect the entire body. IV antibiotics and careful monitoring are both needed to
treat systemic infections
-Fever, lethargy, anorexia, tenderness, enlarged lymph nodes
-Increased pulse and RR
