Hierarchy of Needs - Answers Maslow's idea that human needs are arranged from basic survival
needs to higher growth needs.
Deficiency Needs (D-Needs) - Answers Needs based on lacking something, such as food, safety, love,
or esteem.
Being Needs (B-Needs) - Answers Needs related to growth, fulfillment, and becoming one's fullest
self.
Self-Actualization - Answers The process of fulfilling one's highest potential and becoming what one is
capable of becoming.
Gratification - Answers The satisfaction of a need strongly enough that attention can shift to higher
needs.
Relative Satisfaction Principle - Answers A need does not have to be fully satisfied before higher
needs begin to influence behavior.
State-Level Monitoring System - Answers The system that monitors which needs are most urgent at a
given time.
Expectancy System - Answers The system involving beliefs about whether one can successfully meet
a need.
Valuation System - Answers The system that judges what is important, useful, or worth pursuing.
Expectancy Principle - Answers The idea that need urgency decreases when a person believes they
have the ability and resources to meet that need.
Fixation - Answers Becoming stuck at one level of need instead of continuing to grow.
Neurotic Needs - Answers Needs that develop from deprivation or poor development and keep a
person focused on lower-level concerns.
Peak Experiences - Answers Intense moments of joy, unity, insight, or transcendence that reflect
higher psychological functioning.
Meta-Motivation - Answers Motivation driven by growth, meaning, and higher values rather than
deficiency.
Meta-Pathologies - Answers Psychological problems that arise when higher needs and values are
blocked.
Jonah Complex - Answers The fear of one's own greatness or full potential.
Grumbles - Answers Complaints related to unmet deficiency needs.
Meta-Grumbles - Answers Complaints related to unmet being-needs, meaning, or fulfillment.
B-Values - Answers The higher values of self-actualized people, such as truth, beauty, justice, and
wholeness.
Self-Actualized Person - Answers A psychologically healthy person who is guided by growth,
authenticity, and higher values.