CSO EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Ageusia - CORRECT ANSWER --Loss or absence of the sense of taste
Allogenic marrow transplantation - CORRECT ANSWER --Transfer of marrow from donor to
another person who is not genetically identical
Antineoplastic agents - CORRECT ANSWER --Chemical agents (cytotoxics, immuniologic
preparations, hormones) or meds used to prevent the development, maturation or spread of
neoplastic cells
antioxidants - CORRECT ANSWER --molecules (ie. vitamins) that blcok action of activated oxygen
molecules (free radicals) that can demage cells
antologous marrow transplantation - CORRECT ANSWER --transfer of marrow from the pt's
own tissue (from hematopietic stem cells)
cancer cachexia - CORRECT ANSWER --wt loss, anorexia, wasting, immunosuppression, altered
BMR, abnormalitis in fluid & energy metabolism, lessening of the body's fat & muscle stores
that accompanies advanced CA even with adequate nutrition.
carcinogen - CORRECT ANSWER --an agent (physical, chemical, or viral) that induces CA
carcinogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER --the origin or development of CA, a multistage, biological
process that proceeds on a continuum but is often described in stages of initiation, promotion
and progression
,cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER --protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to
exogenous stimuli, produce metabolic changes & wating
dysgeusia - CORRECT ANSWER --impaired taste
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) - CORRECT ANSWER --a dz caused by the immune response of
histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an
immunoincompetent host; an immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting
against the pt (host) tissues
evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total
bowel rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat &
acideity, gastric irritants --> regular diet
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
hypogeusia - CORRECT ANSWER --decreased taste acuity
initiation - CORRECT ANSWER --the initial stage of tumorigenesis, involving transformation of
cellular DNA
malignant neoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER --mass of CA cells that invades surrounding tissues or
spreads to distant areas of body
metastasis - CORRECT ANSWER --growth of malignant tissue that spreads to surrounding tissue
or organs
myelosuppression - CORRECT ANSWER --suppression of bone marrow cell production
neutropenia - CORRECT ANSWER --a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by
chemo or XRT, results in increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections
, pancytopenia - CORRECT ANSWER --a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood
phytochemicals - CORRECT ANSWER --nonutritive compounds in plants though to influence the
process of tumorigenesis
progression - CORRECT ANSWER --the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow
autonomously and form benign tumors that eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the
capacity for tissue invasion & mets
Promotion - CORRECT ANSWER --The stage of tumorigenesis in which initiated cells are
activated by a promoting agent to multiply and form a discrete tumor
radiation-induced enteritis - CORRECT ANSWER --a condition of inflammation that can occur
after XRT to the GI tract & that leads to diarrhea & malabsorption
staging - CORRECT ANSWER --a classification system known as TNM that is used to identify the
"extent" of the tumor: its size, the degree of growth & spread; T - size of tumor, N- degree of
spread to lymph nodes; M- presence of mets
Tumor necrosis factor - CORRECT ANSWER --(cachectin, interluckin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-
y); a hormone-like protein that releases fat from fat stores, reduces the concentration of
enzymes required for the production and storage of fat & induces a stage of anorexia
veno-occlusive disease (VOD) - CORRECT ANSWER --- transplant related complication
- a symptomatic occlusion of the small hepatic venules caused by hepatotoxins & XRT; may
resolve after removal of the offending agent or may progress to portal HTN & liver failure
- 1-3 wks post transplant
-hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, hepatic failure, encephalopathy & multi-organ failure
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Ageusia - CORRECT ANSWER --Loss or absence of the sense of taste
Allogenic marrow transplantation - CORRECT ANSWER --Transfer of marrow from donor to
another person who is not genetically identical
Antineoplastic agents - CORRECT ANSWER --Chemical agents (cytotoxics, immuniologic
preparations, hormones) or meds used to prevent the development, maturation or spread of
neoplastic cells
antioxidants - CORRECT ANSWER --molecules (ie. vitamins) that blcok action of activated oxygen
molecules (free radicals) that can demage cells
antologous marrow transplantation - CORRECT ANSWER --transfer of marrow from the pt's
own tissue (from hematopietic stem cells)
cancer cachexia - CORRECT ANSWER --wt loss, anorexia, wasting, immunosuppression, altered
BMR, abnormalitis in fluid & energy metabolism, lessening of the body's fat & muscle stores
that accompanies advanced CA even with adequate nutrition.
carcinogen - CORRECT ANSWER --an agent (physical, chemical, or viral) that induces CA
carcinogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER --the origin or development of CA, a multistage, biological
process that proceeds on a continuum but is often described in stages of initiation, promotion
and progression
,cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER --protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to
exogenous stimuli, produce metabolic changes & wating
dysgeusia - CORRECT ANSWER --impaired taste
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) - CORRECT ANSWER --a dz caused by the immune response of
histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an
immunoincompetent host; an immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting
against the pt (host) tissues
evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total
bowel rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat &
acideity, gastric irritants --> regular diet
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
hypogeusia - CORRECT ANSWER --decreased taste acuity
initiation - CORRECT ANSWER --the initial stage of tumorigenesis, involving transformation of
cellular DNA
malignant neoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER --mass of CA cells that invades surrounding tissues or
spreads to distant areas of body
metastasis - CORRECT ANSWER --growth of malignant tissue that spreads to surrounding tissue
or organs
myelosuppression - CORRECT ANSWER --suppression of bone marrow cell production
neutropenia - CORRECT ANSWER --a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by
chemo or XRT, results in increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections
, pancytopenia - CORRECT ANSWER --a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood
phytochemicals - CORRECT ANSWER --nonutritive compounds in plants though to influence the
process of tumorigenesis
progression - CORRECT ANSWER --the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow
autonomously and form benign tumors that eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the
capacity for tissue invasion & mets
Promotion - CORRECT ANSWER --The stage of tumorigenesis in which initiated cells are
activated by a promoting agent to multiply and form a discrete tumor
radiation-induced enteritis - CORRECT ANSWER --a condition of inflammation that can occur
after XRT to the GI tract & that leads to diarrhea & malabsorption
staging - CORRECT ANSWER --a classification system known as TNM that is used to identify the
"extent" of the tumor: its size, the degree of growth & spread; T - size of tumor, N- degree of
spread to lymph nodes; M- presence of mets
Tumor necrosis factor - CORRECT ANSWER --(cachectin, interluckin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-
y); a hormone-like protein that releases fat from fat stores, reduces the concentration of
enzymes required for the production and storage of fat & induces a stage of anorexia
veno-occlusive disease (VOD) - CORRECT ANSWER --- transplant related complication
- a symptomatic occlusion of the small hepatic venules caused by hepatotoxins & XRT; may
resolve after removal of the offending agent or may progress to portal HTN & liver failure
- 1-3 wks post transplant
-hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, hepatic failure, encephalopathy & multi-organ failure
