TEST BANK McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease
in Adults and Children (9TH) by Julia Rogers questions and answers 40+
A 58-year-old patient with a long history of hypertension presents with shortness
of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the lower extremities. Echocardiography
reveals decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. Which pathophysiological
process best explains the patient’s symptoms?
A. Increased renal filtration leading to dehydration
B. Left-sided heart failure causing pulmonary congestion and decreased cardiac
output
C. Increased red blood cell production
D. Hyperthyroidism increasing metabolic rate
Answer: B
Rationale: Left ventricular failure leads to reduced cardiac output and blood
backing into the pulmonary circulation, causing congestion and systemic
hypoperfusion symptoms like fatigue and edema.
1|Page
,A child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus after presenting with polyuria,
polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss. Which underlying mechanism is
responsible for this condition?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Excess glucagon secretion
D. Increased glucose absorption in the intestines
Answer: B
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes results from immune-mediated destruction of insulin-
producing beta cells in the pancreas.
A patient with chronic kidney disease develops metabolic acidosis. Which
physiological mechanism is most responsible for this acid-base imbalance?
A. Increased bicarbonate retention
B. Impaired hydrogen ion excretion
C. Excess oxygen delivery
D. Increased insulin secretion
2|Page
, Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys normally excrete hydrogen ions and regenerate
bicarbonate; failure leads to acidosis.
A patient with asthma experiences bronchoconstriction after exposure to pollen.
Which immune mechanism is primarily involved?
A. Type I hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE
B. Type II cytotoxic reaction
C. Type III immune complex reaction
D. Type IV delayed hypersensitivity
Answer: A
Rationale: Asthma is commonly an IgE-mediated allergic response leading to mast
cell degranulation.
A 70-year-old patient develops confusion, dry mucous membranes, and
tachycardia after prolonged vomiting and diarrhea. Which fluid imbalance is most
likely?
3|Page
in Adults and Children (9TH) by Julia Rogers questions and answers 40+
A 58-year-old patient with a long history of hypertension presents with shortness
of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the lower extremities. Echocardiography
reveals decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. Which pathophysiological
process best explains the patient’s symptoms?
A. Increased renal filtration leading to dehydration
B. Left-sided heart failure causing pulmonary congestion and decreased cardiac
output
C. Increased red blood cell production
D. Hyperthyroidism increasing metabolic rate
Answer: B
Rationale: Left ventricular failure leads to reduced cardiac output and blood
backing into the pulmonary circulation, causing congestion and systemic
hypoperfusion symptoms like fatigue and edema.
1|Page
,A child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus after presenting with polyuria,
polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss. Which underlying mechanism is
responsible for this condition?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Excess glucagon secretion
D. Increased glucose absorption in the intestines
Answer: B
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes results from immune-mediated destruction of insulin-
producing beta cells in the pancreas.
A patient with chronic kidney disease develops metabolic acidosis. Which
physiological mechanism is most responsible for this acid-base imbalance?
A. Increased bicarbonate retention
B. Impaired hydrogen ion excretion
C. Excess oxygen delivery
D. Increased insulin secretion
2|Page
, Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys normally excrete hydrogen ions and regenerate
bicarbonate; failure leads to acidosis.
A patient with asthma experiences bronchoconstriction after exposure to pollen.
Which immune mechanism is primarily involved?
A. Type I hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE
B. Type II cytotoxic reaction
C. Type III immune complex reaction
D. Type IV delayed hypersensitivity
Answer: A
Rationale: Asthma is commonly an IgE-mediated allergic response leading to mast
cell degranulation.
A 70-year-old patient develops confusion, dry mucous membranes, and
tachycardia after prolonged vomiting and diarrhea. Which fluid imbalance is most
likely?
3|Page
