,TEST BANK FOR
ss ss
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
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Chapter 1-27 ss
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
MULTIPLE CHOICE s s
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ss ss
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. ss
ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ss ss
3. A ss specific function of the immune system is to
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. recognize self from nonself. ss ss ss
b. defend the body against nonself. ss ss ss s s
c. amplify specific functions. ss ss
d. Both A and B. ss ss ss
ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
ssbody against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune
ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
system also has nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific
s s s s s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
functions. Nonspecific components of the immune system include mononuclear
ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss
phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ss ss
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
ss ss ss ss ss
a. natural resistance. ss
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. ss ss ss ss
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
ss ss
d. recovery from infectious disease. ss ss s s
ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
s resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can
s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
s cause many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy,
s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
rejection of a transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ss ss
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
ss s s ss ss ss ss s s
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. ss ss ss
ANS: D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
distributed elements, with the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility,
ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
replicability, and cooperation among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and
ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific
ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
elements of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In addition, specific and
ss ss ss ss s s ss s s ss s s ss ss
nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation is
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss s s
required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular
ss ss ss ss s s s s s s s s s s
elements, cell products, and nonlymphoid elements.
s s s s s s s s s s s s
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ss ss
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. immediate hours after conception ss ss ss
b. second month of gestation. ss ss ss
c. second trimester of gestation.ss ss ss
d. periods of severe anemia in children.
ss ss ss ss ss
ANS: A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
in the embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second
ss ss ss s s ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
month of gestation.
s s ss ss
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ss ss
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
ss ss ss ss
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
ss ss ss ss
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. ss ss ss ss
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
ss ss ss ss
ANS: A
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed
ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss
in the islets of the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually,
s s s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
the liver and spleen replace the yolk sac as the sites of blood cell
ss ss ss ss ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes the major
s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s
site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s
initial appearance. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s
months of fetal life. In the fourth month of gestation, bone marrow begins
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss
to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow begins to
ss s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ss ss
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. to reduce inflammation.
ss ss
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
ss ss ss ss ss ss
c. antigen recognition. ss
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph,
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gastrointestinal system, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the
ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and can be found in the initial
s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the
s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s ss ss s s ss s s
inflammatory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
already in place to deal with an intruding agent. Additional macrophages from
ss s s s s s s s s s s s s ss ss s s ss s s
the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in severe infections.
ss ss ss s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ss ss
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. ss ss ss
ANS: D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes s s ss ss ss ss
(e.g., lysozyme, myeloperoxidase)
ss ss ss
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases ss s s ss ss ss ss
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ss ss
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
blood is associated with:
ss ss ss ss
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba ss
c. allergic reactions ss
d. bacteria
ANS: C
ss ss
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
ss ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Chapter 1-27 ss
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
MULTIPLE CHOICE s s
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ss ss
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. ss
ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ss ss
3. A ss specific function of the immune system is to
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. recognize self from nonself. ss ss ss
b. defend the body against nonself. ss ss ss s s
c. amplify specific functions. ss ss
d. Both A and B. ss ss ss
ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
ssbody against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune
ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
system also has nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific
s s s s s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
functions. Nonspecific components of the immune system include mononuclear
ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss
phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ss ss
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
ss ss ss ss ss
a. natural resistance. ss
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. ss ss ss ss
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
ss ss
d. recovery from infectious disease. ss ss s s
ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
s resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can
s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
s cause many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy,
s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
rejection of a transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ss ss
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
ss s s ss ss ss ss s s
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. ss ss ss
ANS: D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
distributed elements, with the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility,
ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
replicability, and cooperation among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and
ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific
ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
elements of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In addition, specific and
ss ss ss ss s s ss s s ss s s ss ss
nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation is
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss s s
required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular
ss ss ss ss s s s s s s s s s s
elements, cell products, and nonlymphoid elements.
s s s s s s s s s s s s
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ss ss
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. immediate hours after conception ss ss ss
b. second month of gestation. ss ss ss
c. second trimester of gestation.ss ss ss
d. periods of severe anemia in children.
ss ss ss ss ss
ANS: A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
in the embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second
ss ss ss s s ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
month of gestation.
s s ss ss
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ss ss
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
ss ss ss ss
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
ss ss ss ss
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. ss ss ss ss
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
ss ss ss ss
ANS: A
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed
ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss
in the islets of the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually,
s s s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
the liver and spleen replace the yolk sac as the sites of blood cell
ss ss ss ss ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes the major
s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s
site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s
initial appearance. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s
months of fetal life. In the fourth month of gestation, bone marrow begins
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss
to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow begins to
ss s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ss ss
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. to reduce inflammation.
ss ss
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
ss ss ss ss ss ss
c. antigen recognition. ss
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph,
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
gastrointestinal system, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the
ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and can be found in the initial
s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the
s s s s s s s s ss s s s s s s ss ss s s ss s s
inflammatory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
already in place to deal with an intruding agent. Additional macrophages from
ss s s s s s s s s s s s s ss ss s s ss s s
the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in severe infections.
ss ss ss s s s s ss s s s s s s s s s s s s
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ss ss
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. ss ss ss
ANS: D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes s s ss ss ss ss
(e.g., lysozyme, myeloperoxidase)
ss ss ss
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases ss s s ss ss ss ss
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ss ss
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
blood is associated with:
ss ss ss ss
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba ss
c. allergic reactions ss
d. bacteria
ANS: C
