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Summer Annual Weeds
CORRECT ANSWER:
Emerge in the spring or early summer, grow during the summer, produce seed
in mid to late summer, and are killed by frost in fall/early winter.
Winter Annual Weeds
CORRECT ANSWER:
Typically emerge late summer or fall, survive through the winter by growing into
small rosettes, then resume their growth and produce seeds in late spring or
early summer the following year.
Perennials
CORRECT ANSWER:
Plants that live 3 or more years, repeating the vegetative growth and
reproductive cycles each year.
Biennials
CORRECT ANSWER:
Angiosperms that complete their life cycle in two years, usually don't flower or
reproduce until the second season.
first true leaves
CORRECT ANSWER:
primary leaves
collar region
,CORRECT ANSWER:
Region consisting, leaf blade, leaf sheath, auricles (if present), a ligule, and
connective collar
Leaf blade
CORRECT ANSWER:
flattened part of leaf
Dicot
CORRECT ANSWER:
angiosperm with two cotyledons inside its seed, flower parts in multiples of four
or five, and vascular bundles in rings
Monocot
CORRECT ANSWER:
angiosperm with one seed leaf in its ovary
cotyledon
CORRECT ANSWER:
first leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant
Node
CORRECT ANSWER:
point where one or more leaves are attached
Internode
CORRECT ANSWER:
A segment of a plant stem between the points where leaves are attached.
leaf sheath
CORRECT ANSWER:
the base of a leaf that wraps around the stem; typical in grasses and some other
monocots.
Petiole
CORRECT ANSWER:
,The stalk of a leaf, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem.
Auricle
CORRECT ANSWER:
Claw like appendages on collar
Ligule
CORRECT ANSWER:
A membranous or hairy structure on the inside of a leaf at the junction of the leaf
blade and sheath
Awn
CORRECT ANSWER:
bristlelike appendage of certain grasses
Hypocotyl
CORRECT ANSWER:
The part of a plant embryo directly below the cotyledons, forming a connection
with the radicle.
Inflorescence
CORRECT ANSWER:
flowering part of a plant
coleoptile
CORRECT ANSWER:
The covering of the young shoot of the embryo of a grass seed.
Tuber
CORRECT ANSWER:
specialized food-storage stem that grows underground
rhizome
CORRECT ANSWER:
a horizontal, underground stem that produces new leaves, shoots, and roots
(rootstock)
, stolons/runners
CORRECT ANSWER:
horizontal, above the ground stems; asexual reproduction, new plants arise
from stolons
Bulbs
CORRECT ANSWER:
the round parts of some plants that are underground
Weeds that are poisonous to animals
CORRECT ANSWER:
Jimsonweed, nightshades, common groundsel, coast fiddleneck, yellow
starthistle
Vegetative propagule
CORRECT ANSWER:
Any of various structures that can give rise to a new individual organism,
especially parts of a plant that serve as means of vegetative reproduction, such
as corms, tubers, offsets, or runners. Seeds and spores are also propagules.
List information that needs to be recorded when monitoring for weeds
CORRECT ANSWER:
Identity of weeds present
record their abundance and stage of development
population changes from year to year
Visually sample weeds at least twice a year
CORRECT ANSWER:
Visually sample winter annuals during the fall and winter
visually sample for summer annuals during spring and summer
Xylem
CORRECT ANSWER:
Nonliving vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the
roots of a plant to its leaves