NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology GI
Module 9, Exam 5 Updated Exam 2026 WITH
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Upper GI organs - ANSWERS-mouth,pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Lower GI organs - ANSWERS-small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus
Upper GI bleed - ANSWERS-bleeding that occurs in the esophagus, stomach or
duodenum commonly caused by bleeding varices, peptic ulcers or Mallory-Weiss
tear(tearing of esophagus from stomach) Characterized by frank, bright red or coffee
ground emesis.
Lower GI bleed - ANSWERS-Bleeding in the jejunum, ileum, colon or rectum from
inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, diverticula or hemorrhoids. Hematochezia, or the
presence of bright red blood in the stools, suggest what kind of bleed
Peptic Ulcer Disease - ANSWERS-Is a break in the integrity of the mucosa of the
esophagus, stomach or duodenum resulting in exposure of the tissue to gastric acid.
Risk factors include smoking, advanced age, NSAID use, ETOH, chronic disease, acute
pancreatitis, COPD, obesity, socioeconomic status, gastrinoma, and infection with
Helicobacter pylori. S&S: Epigastric pain is worse with eating, melena or hematemesis
Duodenal ulcers - ANSWERS-most common and tend to develop in younger patients.
S&S: epigastric pain that is relieved by food. Patients may have melena(black and tarry
stool) or hematemesis
, Ulcerative colitis (UC) - ANSWERS-Inflammatory disease of the large instestine in
persons 20-40y/o. Less common in people who smoke. Has periods of remission and
exacerbations. Characterized by inflammation and ulcerations that remain superficial
and in the small intestine.
Hepatoportal circulation - ANSWERS-hepatic artery receives oxygenated blood from the
inferior mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins. The hepatic portal vein receives
deoxygenated blood from the inferior and superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein and
delivers nutrients that have been absorbed from the intestinal system
Osmotic diarrhea - ANSWERS-Caused by the presence of a nonabsorbable substance
in the intestines. This pulls water by osmosis into the intestinal lumen and results in
large volume diarrhea. This is how mag citrate, lactulose and miralax work. Causes
include: excessive ingestion of nonabsorbable sugars, tube feedings, dumping
syndrome, malabsorption, pancreatic enzyme deficiency, bile salt deficiency, small
intestine bacterial overgrowth or celiac disease
Secretory diarrhea - ANSWERS-Results in large volume losses secondary to infectious
causes such as rotavirus, bacterial enterotoxins, or c-diff.
Motility diarrhea - ANSWERS-AKA short bowel syndrome. Results from resection of
small intestine or surgical bypass of small intestine, IBS, diabetic neuropathy,
hyperthyroidism, and laxative abuse. Fatty stools and bloating are common in
malabsorption syndrome. Complications include: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance,
metabolic acidosis, weight loss and malabsorption.
UC S&S - ANSWERS-recurrent diarrhea, bloody stools, febrile, polyarthritis, uveitis,
sclerosing cholangitis, erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum
UC complications - ANSWERS-fissures, hemorrhoids, perirectal abscess, toxic
megacolon, colon perforation, and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Increased risk of VTE
and microthrombi, and colon cancer
Module 9, Exam 5 Updated Exam 2026 WITH
Recent Newest Verified And Well Analyzed Exam
Questions (Actual Exam 2026-2027) Correct
Detailed & Verified ANSWERS (100% Accurate
Solutions) ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST
VERSION Of The Exam Guarantee Pass!!
Upper GI organs - ANSWERS-mouth,pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Lower GI organs - ANSWERS-small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus
Upper GI bleed - ANSWERS-bleeding that occurs in the esophagus, stomach or
duodenum commonly caused by bleeding varices, peptic ulcers or Mallory-Weiss
tear(tearing of esophagus from stomach) Characterized by frank, bright red or coffee
ground emesis.
Lower GI bleed - ANSWERS-Bleeding in the jejunum, ileum, colon or rectum from
inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, diverticula or hemorrhoids. Hematochezia, or the
presence of bright red blood in the stools, suggest what kind of bleed
Peptic Ulcer Disease - ANSWERS-Is a break in the integrity of the mucosa of the
esophagus, stomach or duodenum resulting in exposure of the tissue to gastric acid.
Risk factors include smoking, advanced age, NSAID use, ETOH, chronic disease, acute
pancreatitis, COPD, obesity, socioeconomic status, gastrinoma, and infection with
Helicobacter pylori. S&S: Epigastric pain is worse with eating, melena or hematemesis
Duodenal ulcers - ANSWERS-most common and tend to develop in younger patients.
S&S: epigastric pain that is relieved by food. Patients may have melena(black and tarry
stool) or hematemesis
, Ulcerative colitis (UC) - ANSWERS-Inflammatory disease of the large instestine in
persons 20-40y/o. Less common in people who smoke. Has periods of remission and
exacerbations. Characterized by inflammation and ulcerations that remain superficial
and in the small intestine.
Hepatoportal circulation - ANSWERS-hepatic artery receives oxygenated blood from the
inferior mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins. The hepatic portal vein receives
deoxygenated blood from the inferior and superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein and
delivers nutrients that have been absorbed from the intestinal system
Osmotic diarrhea - ANSWERS-Caused by the presence of a nonabsorbable substance
in the intestines. This pulls water by osmosis into the intestinal lumen and results in
large volume diarrhea. This is how mag citrate, lactulose and miralax work. Causes
include: excessive ingestion of nonabsorbable sugars, tube feedings, dumping
syndrome, malabsorption, pancreatic enzyme deficiency, bile salt deficiency, small
intestine bacterial overgrowth or celiac disease
Secretory diarrhea - ANSWERS-Results in large volume losses secondary to infectious
causes such as rotavirus, bacterial enterotoxins, or c-diff.
Motility diarrhea - ANSWERS-AKA short bowel syndrome. Results from resection of
small intestine or surgical bypass of small intestine, IBS, diabetic neuropathy,
hyperthyroidism, and laxative abuse. Fatty stools and bloating are common in
malabsorption syndrome. Complications include: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance,
metabolic acidosis, weight loss and malabsorption.
UC S&S - ANSWERS-recurrent diarrhea, bloody stools, febrile, polyarthritis, uveitis,
sclerosing cholangitis, erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum
UC complications - ANSWERS-fissures, hemorrhoids, perirectal abscess, toxic
megacolon, colon perforation, and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Increased risk of VTE
and microthrombi, and colon cancer
