BIO 256 LATEST 2026 EVALUATION TEST QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Function of the liver related to metabolism - ✔✔Conversion of ammonia to urea,
glucose synthesis, cholesterol and protein synthesis
✔✔Function of the liver related to detoxification - ✔✔Detoxification of substances
✔✔Function of the liver related to storage - ✔✔Storage of vitamins, minerals, proteins,
and glycogen
✔✔Tongue - ✔✔manipulates food for chewing and swallowing a taste (gustation)
✔✔Teeth - ✔✔cutting and grinding of food
✔✔Salivary glands - ✔✔secretes saliva
✔✔Small intestine - ✔✔complete chemical digestion of the nutrients and absorption of
nutrients
✔✔Function of the large intestine related to feces formation - ✔✔Forms feces
✔✔Function of the large intestine related to absorption - ✔✔Absorbs electrolytes and
water
✔✔Function of bacterial flora in the large intestine - ✔✔Bacterial flora synthesizes
vitamin K and thymine
✔✔Function of the large intestine related to protein breakdown - ✔✔Breaks down
proteins to amino acids
✔✔Function of the large intestine related to fiber breakdown - ✔✔Breaks down
cellulose/fiber
✔✔Name all the components of saliva - ✔✔99.5% water, Mucous, electrolytes,
digestive enzymes (lipase, salivary amylase), antibacterial (immunoglobin A, and
lysozymes (bactericidal).
✔✔List the 3 phases of deglutition - ✔✔Oral phase (first stage)
Pharyngeal phase (second stage)
Esophageal phase (third phase)
✔✔Oral phase (first stage) - ✔✔voluntary stage, saliva is mixed with chewed food,
forms bolus.
, ✔✔Pharyngeal phase (second stage) - ✔✔the soft palate and uvula rises to protect
nasal cavity from food. The epiglottis closes off top of the larynx, to protect trachea.
✔✔Esophageal phase (third phase) - ✔✔peristalsis transports food in the esophagus to
the stomach
✔✔Name all the cells of the stomach - ✔✔Parietal- produce HCI and intrinsic factor.
HCI is responsible for the high acidity of stomach contents. Kills bacteria. Intrinsic factor
is a glycoprotein necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine.
Chief (PC)- Gastric lipase and also secretes pepsinogen (inactive form of pepsin). HCI
is necessary to convert pepsinogen to pepsin
Mucous- secrete thin, acidic mucous Enteroendocrine- gastrin
✔✔Parietal- produce - ✔✔HCI and intrinsic factor
✔✔HCI is responsible - ✔✔high acidity of stomach contents. Kills bacteria.
✔✔Intrinsic factor - ✔✔glycoprotein necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the
small intestine.
✔✔Chief (PC)- Gastric lipase - ✔✔secretes pepsinogen (inactive form of pepsin)
✔✔HCI is necessary to convert - ✔✔pepsinogen to pepsin
✔✔Mucous - ✔✔secrete thin, acidic mucous
✔✔Enteroendocrine - ✔✔gastrin
✔✔List all the functions of Gastric HCL (aka stomach acid) - ✔✔Denature protein
Kill bacteria
Converts pepsinogen into its active form pepsin
✔✔Name all the digestive hormones - ✔✔Gastrin, cck, Secretin
✔✔Gastrin source - ✔✔secreted by g cells of gastric gland in the stomach
✔✔Gastrin stimulus - ✔✔proteins in the stomach and stomach distention
✔✔Gastrin fucntion - ✔✔stimulates parietal and chief cells to produce HCL and
pepsinogen, stimulates motility of stomach, relaxes pyloric sphincter
✔✔cck source - ✔✔duodenal glands
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Function of the liver related to metabolism - ✔✔Conversion of ammonia to urea,
glucose synthesis, cholesterol and protein synthesis
✔✔Function of the liver related to detoxification - ✔✔Detoxification of substances
✔✔Function of the liver related to storage - ✔✔Storage of vitamins, minerals, proteins,
and glycogen
✔✔Tongue - ✔✔manipulates food for chewing and swallowing a taste (gustation)
✔✔Teeth - ✔✔cutting and grinding of food
✔✔Salivary glands - ✔✔secretes saliva
✔✔Small intestine - ✔✔complete chemical digestion of the nutrients and absorption of
nutrients
✔✔Function of the large intestine related to feces formation - ✔✔Forms feces
✔✔Function of the large intestine related to absorption - ✔✔Absorbs electrolytes and
water
✔✔Function of bacterial flora in the large intestine - ✔✔Bacterial flora synthesizes
vitamin K and thymine
✔✔Function of the large intestine related to protein breakdown - ✔✔Breaks down
proteins to amino acids
✔✔Function of the large intestine related to fiber breakdown - ✔✔Breaks down
cellulose/fiber
✔✔Name all the components of saliva - ✔✔99.5% water, Mucous, electrolytes,
digestive enzymes (lipase, salivary amylase), antibacterial (immunoglobin A, and
lysozymes (bactericidal).
✔✔List the 3 phases of deglutition - ✔✔Oral phase (first stage)
Pharyngeal phase (second stage)
Esophageal phase (third phase)
✔✔Oral phase (first stage) - ✔✔voluntary stage, saliva is mixed with chewed food,
forms bolus.
, ✔✔Pharyngeal phase (second stage) - ✔✔the soft palate and uvula rises to protect
nasal cavity from food. The epiglottis closes off top of the larynx, to protect trachea.
✔✔Esophageal phase (third phase) - ✔✔peristalsis transports food in the esophagus to
the stomach
✔✔Name all the cells of the stomach - ✔✔Parietal- produce HCI and intrinsic factor.
HCI is responsible for the high acidity of stomach contents. Kills bacteria. Intrinsic factor
is a glycoprotein necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine.
Chief (PC)- Gastric lipase and also secretes pepsinogen (inactive form of pepsin). HCI
is necessary to convert pepsinogen to pepsin
Mucous- secrete thin, acidic mucous Enteroendocrine- gastrin
✔✔Parietal- produce - ✔✔HCI and intrinsic factor
✔✔HCI is responsible - ✔✔high acidity of stomach contents. Kills bacteria.
✔✔Intrinsic factor - ✔✔glycoprotein necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the
small intestine.
✔✔Chief (PC)- Gastric lipase - ✔✔secretes pepsinogen (inactive form of pepsin)
✔✔HCI is necessary to convert - ✔✔pepsinogen to pepsin
✔✔Mucous - ✔✔secrete thin, acidic mucous
✔✔Enteroendocrine - ✔✔gastrin
✔✔List all the functions of Gastric HCL (aka stomach acid) - ✔✔Denature protein
Kill bacteria
Converts pepsinogen into its active form pepsin
✔✔Name all the digestive hormones - ✔✔Gastrin, cck, Secretin
✔✔Gastrin source - ✔✔secreted by g cells of gastric gland in the stomach
✔✔Gastrin stimulus - ✔✔proteins in the stomach and stomach distention
✔✔Gastrin fucntion - ✔✔stimulates parietal and chief cells to produce HCL and
pepsinogen, stimulates motility of stomach, relaxes pyloric sphincter
✔✔cck source - ✔✔duodenal glands
