KNH 188 LATEST 2026 EXAMINATION SETS QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔1996 Surgeon General's Report - ✔✔-poor health because of lack of physical
✔✔PA for Health Promotion in US and World: 1998 - ✔✔CDC-WHO Collaborating
Center for Physical Activity and Health Promotion was formed as part of CDC's Division
of Nutrition and Physical Activity
-to foster global health policy about physical activity
-to guide evidence based interventions and surveillance
-to spread training courses world wide
✔✔PA for Health Promotion in US and World: 2002 - ✔✔member nations of the World
Health Assembly mandated that The Who create a global strategy on Diet, PA, and
Health
✔✔PA for Health Promotion in US and World: 2004 - ✔✔The WHO adopted a Global
Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity, and Health (4 main objectives)
-reduce risk factors for chronic disease; related to diet and PA
-increase awareness and understanding; influences of diet on PA, positive impact of
preventative interventions
-develop, strengthen, and implement global, regional, and national policies and action
plans; to improve diet and increase PA
-monitor science and promote research; diet and PA
✔✔Cardiovascular Diseases - ✔✔any disease that affects the heart and blood vessels
ex: Coronary Heart Disease, Congestive Heart Failure, Stroke, Peripheral Vascular
Disease, Congenital Heart Disease, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis
✔✔CVD Facts and Stats - ✔✔about 20% of US pop has some form of CVD
in 2012 approx 35% all deaths in US were attributable to heart and blood vessel
disease
about 1.2 million people in the US have heart attacks each year; 500,000 of them die as
a result
about 45% of heart attack deaths occur within 1 hour of onset of symptoms, before the
person can reach the hospital
✔✔Heart and Blood Vessel disease is still the number one health problem in the US,
the incidence has declined by 33% between 1960-2010 - ✔✔health education
(knowledge): more people now are aware (public awareness) of the risk factors for CVD
and are changing their lifestyle (behaviors) to lower their own risks
✔✔Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) - ✔✔-major form of CVD
-the arteries that supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients are narrowed by fatty
deposits -> process of atherosclerosis
, -narrowing of the coronary arteries diminishes blood supply (therefore diminishes
oxygen supply) to the myocardium, which can precipitate a myocardial heart infarction
✔✔CHD Stats - ✔✔-single leading cause of death in US, accounting for 20% all deaths
and half of CVD deaths
-more than half of the people who died suddenly from CHD had no previous symptoms
-80% of deaths from CHD in people under the age of 65 occur during the first heart
attack
-risk of death is greater in the least educated segment of the population
✔✔Major CHD risk factors - ✔✔physical inactivity, smoking, hypertension,
hyperlipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance/ glucose intorlerance
✔✔Other established CHD risk factors - ✔✔age, race, gender, family history, personal
history, stress/tension/anxiety/depression
✔✔Modifiable CHD risk factors - ✔✔physical inactivity, smoking, hypertension,
hyperlipidemia (dyslipidemia), obesity, insulin resistance. glucose intolerance,
stress/tension/anxiety/depression
✔✔Smoking - ✔✔-more than 47 million adults and 3.5 million adolescents in the US
smoke cigarettes
-approx 18-22% of US population smoke
-smoking causes ~435,000 annual deaths in US
✔✔Smoking in relation to CHD - ✔✔-speeds up the process of atherosclerosis
-causes 3 fold increase in risk of sudden death following myocardial infarction
-increases heart rate, raises blood pressure, irritates the heart -> increasing risk of fatal
cardiac arrhythmias, and decreases HDL cholesterol
✔✔High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) - ✔✔the silent killer, high is considered 140/90
1/3 adults is hypertensive
high BP is a risk factor for: CHD, congestive heart failure, strokes, kidney failure and
osteoporosis
elevated BP is a major public health problem in Most Western Industrialized countries
prevalence of hypertension across all age groups is increasing
✔✔Blood Pressure Guidelines - ✔✔rating systolic. diastolic
normal. 120 or lower. 80 or lower
prehypertension 121-139. 81-89
hypertension. 140 or higher. 90 or higher
✔✔Dsylipidemia - ✔✔cholesterol is carried in the blood stream by molecules composed
of various lipid-protein configurations
-High Density Lipoproteins (HDL's)
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔1996 Surgeon General's Report - ✔✔-poor health because of lack of physical
✔✔PA for Health Promotion in US and World: 1998 - ✔✔CDC-WHO Collaborating
Center for Physical Activity and Health Promotion was formed as part of CDC's Division
of Nutrition and Physical Activity
-to foster global health policy about physical activity
-to guide evidence based interventions and surveillance
-to spread training courses world wide
✔✔PA for Health Promotion in US and World: 2002 - ✔✔member nations of the World
Health Assembly mandated that The Who create a global strategy on Diet, PA, and
Health
✔✔PA for Health Promotion in US and World: 2004 - ✔✔The WHO adopted a Global
Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity, and Health (4 main objectives)
-reduce risk factors for chronic disease; related to diet and PA
-increase awareness and understanding; influences of diet on PA, positive impact of
preventative interventions
-develop, strengthen, and implement global, regional, and national policies and action
plans; to improve diet and increase PA
-monitor science and promote research; diet and PA
✔✔Cardiovascular Diseases - ✔✔any disease that affects the heart and blood vessels
ex: Coronary Heart Disease, Congestive Heart Failure, Stroke, Peripheral Vascular
Disease, Congenital Heart Disease, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis
✔✔CVD Facts and Stats - ✔✔about 20% of US pop has some form of CVD
in 2012 approx 35% all deaths in US were attributable to heart and blood vessel
disease
about 1.2 million people in the US have heart attacks each year; 500,000 of them die as
a result
about 45% of heart attack deaths occur within 1 hour of onset of symptoms, before the
person can reach the hospital
✔✔Heart and Blood Vessel disease is still the number one health problem in the US,
the incidence has declined by 33% between 1960-2010 - ✔✔health education
(knowledge): more people now are aware (public awareness) of the risk factors for CVD
and are changing their lifestyle (behaviors) to lower their own risks
✔✔Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) - ✔✔-major form of CVD
-the arteries that supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients are narrowed by fatty
deposits -> process of atherosclerosis
, -narrowing of the coronary arteries diminishes blood supply (therefore diminishes
oxygen supply) to the myocardium, which can precipitate a myocardial heart infarction
✔✔CHD Stats - ✔✔-single leading cause of death in US, accounting for 20% all deaths
and half of CVD deaths
-more than half of the people who died suddenly from CHD had no previous symptoms
-80% of deaths from CHD in people under the age of 65 occur during the first heart
attack
-risk of death is greater in the least educated segment of the population
✔✔Major CHD risk factors - ✔✔physical inactivity, smoking, hypertension,
hyperlipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance/ glucose intorlerance
✔✔Other established CHD risk factors - ✔✔age, race, gender, family history, personal
history, stress/tension/anxiety/depression
✔✔Modifiable CHD risk factors - ✔✔physical inactivity, smoking, hypertension,
hyperlipidemia (dyslipidemia), obesity, insulin resistance. glucose intolerance,
stress/tension/anxiety/depression
✔✔Smoking - ✔✔-more than 47 million adults and 3.5 million adolescents in the US
smoke cigarettes
-approx 18-22% of US population smoke
-smoking causes ~435,000 annual deaths in US
✔✔Smoking in relation to CHD - ✔✔-speeds up the process of atherosclerosis
-causes 3 fold increase in risk of sudden death following myocardial infarction
-increases heart rate, raises blood pressure, irritates the heart -> increasing risk of fatal
cardiac arrhythmias, and decreases HDL cholesterol
✔✔High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) - ✔✔the silent killer, high is considered 140/90
1/3 adults is hypertensive
high BP is a risk factor for: CHD, congestive heart failure, strokes, kidney failure and
osteoporosis
elevated BP is a major public health problem in Most Western Industrialized countries
prevalence of hypertension across all age groups is increasing
✔✔Blood Pressure Guidelines - ✔✔rating systolic. diastolic
normal. 120 or lower. 80 or lower
prehypertension 121-139. 81-89
hypertension. 140 or higher. 90 or higher
✔✔Dsylipidemia - ✔✔cholesterol is carried in the blood stream by molecules composed
of various lipid-protein configurations
-High Density Lipoproteins (HDL's)
