Nursing 250 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Questions And Correct Answers
Theory of animism theory that good spirits brought health, and evil spirits brought sickness and
death.
Roles of nurse vs. physician in early civilizations physician is considered the medicine man, while the nurse is considered a caring
mother.
Temples center of medical care in ancient Greece.
Nurses in ancient Greece cared for the sick in the home and community, practiced as nurse midwives.
Deaconesses made visits to the sick in the early Christian period when nursing developed
purpose, direction, and leadership as a result of a more formal and clearly defined
role.
16th century nursing shifted from religious orientation to emphasis on warfare, exploration, and
expansion of knowledge; nursing had a poor reputation; low pay, long hours,
unfavorable conditions.
18-20th century nursing social reform changed roles of nurses and women in general; nursing as we know
it began.
Florence Nightingale challenged prejudices against women and elevated the status of all nurses;
established the first training school for nurses and wrote books about health care
and nursing education; founder of modern nursing.
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross.
Nursing process integrates both the art and science of nursing; used by the nurse to identify the
patient's health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a plan of care
to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to meet
established outcomes.
Theory group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality.
Concepts like ideas, abstract impressions organized into symbols of reality; describe
objects, properties, and events and relationships among them.
Conceptual framework or model a group of concepts that follows an understandable pattern.
General Systems Theory describes how to break whole things into parts and then learn how the parts work
together in systems.
Adaptation Theory defines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things and to
environmental conditions.
, Developmental Theory outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and
predictable, beginning with conception and ending with death.
Evidence-based practice a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence
available to achieve the best patient outcomes.
Deductive reasoning research method in which one examines a general idea and then considers
specific actions or ideas.
Inductive reasoning research method in which one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions
about general ideas.
Quantitative research deductive reasoning; descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental
research.
Basic research sometimes called pure or laboratory research, is designed to generate and refine
theory.
Applied research also called practical research, is designed to directly influence or improve clinical
practice.
Qualitative research method of research conducted to gain insight by discovering meanings.
PICO clinical questions asked in specific format; patient, population, or problem,
intervention, comparison, and outcome of interest.
Health a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease.
Wellness an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good physical,
mental, and emotional health.
Illness the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process involving
changed level of functioning.
Morbidity how frequently a disease occurs.
Mortality the numbers of deaths resulting from a disease.
Acute illness generally has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time.
Chronic illness usually has a slow onset and may have periods of remission and exacerbation.
Primary interventions directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease
process or injury; immunization clinics, family planning services, poison-control
information, accident-prevention education.
Secondary interventions focus on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and
treatment of any found; assessing children for normal growth and development,
encouraging regular medical, dental, and vision examinations.
Theory of animism theory that good spirits brought health, and evil spirits brought sickness and
death.
Roles of nurse vs. physician in early civilizations physician is considered the medicine man, while the nurse is considered a caring
mother.
Temples center of medical care in ancient Greece.
Nurses in ancient Greece cared for the sick in the home and community, practiced as nurse midwives.
Deaconesses made visits to the sick in the early Christian period when nursing developed
purpose, direction, and leadership as a result of a more formal and clearly defined
role.
16th century nursing shifted from religious orientation to emphasis on warfare, exploration, and
expansion of knowledge; nursing had a poor reputation; low pay, long hours,
unfavorable conditions.
18-20th century nursing social reform changed roles of nurses and women in general; nursing as we know
it began.
Florence Nightingale challenged prejudices against women and elevated the status of all nurses;
established the first training school for nurses and wrote books about health care
and nursing education; founder of modern nursing.
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross.
Nursing process integrates both the art and science of nursing; used by the nurse to identify the
patient's health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a plan of care
to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to meet
established outcomes.
Theory group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality.
Concepts like ideas, abstract impressions organized into symbols of reality; describe
objects, properties, and events and relationships among them.
Conceptual framework or model a group of concepts that follows an understandable pattern.
General Systems Theory describes how to break whole things into parts and then learn how the parts work
together in systems.
Adaptation Theory defines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things and to
environmental conditions.
, Developmental Theory outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and
predictable, beginning with conception and ending with death.
Evidence-based practice a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence
available to achieve the best patient outcomes.
Deductive reasoning research method in which one examines a general idea and then considers
specific actions or ideas.
Inductive reasoning research method in which one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions
about general ideas.
Quantitative research deductive reasoning; descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental
research.
Basic research sometimes called pure or laboratory research, is designed to generate and refine
theory.
Applied research also called practical research, is designed to directly influence or improve clinical
practice.
Qualitative research method of research conducted to gain insight by discovering meanings.
PICO clinical questions asked in specific format; patient, population, or problem,
intervention, comparison, and outcome of interest.
Health a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease.
Wellness an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good physical,
mental, and emotional health.
Illness the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process involving
changed level of functioning.
Morbidity how frequently a disease occurs.
Mortality the numbers of deaths resulting from a disease.
Acute illness generally has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time.
Chronic illness usually has a slow onset and may have periods of remission and exacerbation.
Primary interventions directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease
process or injury; immunization clinics, family planning services, poison-control
information, accident-prevention education.
Secondary interventions focus on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and
treatment of any found; assessing children for normal growth and development,
encouraging regular medical, dental, and vision examinations.
