BPK 105 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
The tendency of solutes within a solution to move from a high area of concentration to a
low area of concentration is known as _________ - Answer- Diffusion; passive
________ is the difference in concentration of solute in a solvent between two points
divided by the distance between the two points. Moving down means ______, Moving
up means _________ - Answer- Concentration Gradient; diffusion (passive); active
transport (needs ATP)
________ known as the diffusion of water (solvent) across a selectively permeable
membrane (CM), from high to low concentration. Happens when cell membrane is
permeable to __________ & a _____ exists for H2O - Answer- Diffusion, Solutes;
Concentration Gradient
A _______ solution has a lower concentration of solutes and higher concentration of
water relative to the cytoplasm of the cell. This causes the water to _________; & the
cell to _________ - Answer- Hypotonic; Rush in; Swells (lysis)
A ________solution has a higher concentration of solutes and lower concentration of
water relative to the cytoplasm of the cell. This causes the water to _________; & the
cell to _______ - Answer- Hypertonic; Rush out; Shrink (crenation)
______ is a carrier-mediated transport mechanism that moves substances across the
cell membrane from a high to low area of concentration. Since movement is with the CG
__________ - Answer- Facilitated diffusion; ATP is not required
_______ is a CMTM that moves substances across the cell membrane from low to high
concentration. Since movement is against the CG, ___________. Can exchange
substances for one another - Answer- Active Transport; ATP is required
__________ involves the active transport of one substance across the cell membrane,
establishing a ________. The diffusion of one substance gives energy for the other
substance to be _________ - Answer- Second active transport; Concentration gradient;
Transported across the cell membrane
, __________ occurs when the uptake of material through the cell membrane by the
formation of a ________. Exhibits specificity. When a solid particle is ingested is called
________ - Answer- Endocytosis; Vesicle; Phagocytosis
The accumulated release of material from the cell is performed by ________ and is
called ________ - Answer- Secretory vesicles; Exocytosis
______ contains the information that directs protein synthesis in a process known as
________. Involves two steps: ________&__________ - Answer- DNA; Gene
Expression; Transcription & Translation
The process by which the information in a strand of ______ is copied into a new
molecule of _______ is known as _________ - Answer- DNA; mRNA; Transcription
The process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a
________ is known as _________ - Answer- mRNA; Translation
A Sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid in
protein is known as _______ - Answer- Codon
The processes by which cells develop with specialized structures & functions is called
_________ - Answer- Differentiation
___________ surrounds the myofibrils; stores and releases Ca into the muscles -
Answer- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Thin filament; made up of _____&_____&____ ;makes up the _____ band - Answer-
Actin; actin & troponin & tropomyosin; I
Thick filament; makes up the _____ band; known as golf clubs because ____ - Answer-
Myosin; H; head binds to actin, bend and straighten during contraction & break down
ATP
_________ is the smallest functional unit of skeletal muscle capable of contraction;
_______ separates each one; - Answer- Sarcomere; Z disks
_________ occurs when the inside of the cell becomes more (+) than when the cell is at
________; causing _______ - Answer- Depolarization; Resting Membrane Potential;
Action Potential
A rapid change in charge across the cell membrane is known as __________ - Answer-
Action Potential (electrical signal)
A junction between motor neuron and muscle fiber; nerve cell to effector cell known as
_______ - Answer- Neuromuscular Junction / Synapse
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
The tendency of solutes within a solution to move from a high area of concentration to a
low area of concentration is known as _________ - Answer- Diffusion; passive
________ is the difference in concentration of solute in a solvent between two points
divided by the distance between the two points. Moving down means ______, Moving
up means _________ - Answer- Concentration Gradient; diffusion (passive); active
transport (needs ATP)
________ known as the diffusion of water (solvent) across a selectively permeable
membrane (CM), from high to low concentration. Happens when cell membrane is
permeable to __________ & a _____ exists for H2O - Answer- Diffusion, Solutes;
Concentration Gradient
A _______ solution has a lower concentration of solutes and higher concentration of
water relative to the cytoplasm of the cell. This causes the water to _________; & the
cell to _________ - Answer- Hypotonic; Rush in; Swells (lysis)
A ________solution has a higher concentration of solutes and lower concentration of
water relative to the cytoplasm of the cell. This causes the water to _________; & the
cell to _______ - Answer- Hypertonic; Rush out; Shrink (crenation)
______ is a carrier-mediated transport mechanism that moves substances across the
cell membrane from a high to low area of concentration. Since movement is with the CG
__________ - Answer- Facilitated diffusion; ATP is not required
_______ is a CMTM that moves substances across the cell membrane from low to high
concentration. Since movement is against the CG, ___________. Can exchange
substances for one another - Answer- Active Transport; ATP is required
__________ involves the active transport of one substance across the cell membrane,
establishing a ________. The diffusion of one substance gives energy for the other
substance to be _________ - Answer- Second active transport; Concentration gradient;
Transported across the cell membrane
, __________ occurs when the uptake of material through the cell membrane by the
formation of a ________. Exhibits specificity. When a solid particle is ingested is called
________ - Answer- Endocytosis; Vesicle; Phagocytosis
The accumulated release of material from the cell is performed by ________ and is
called ________ - Answer- Secretory vesicles; Exocytosis
______ contains the information that directs protein synthesis in a process known as
________. Involves two steps: ________&__________ - Answer- DNA; Gene
Expression; Transcription & Translation
The process by which the information in a strand of ______ is copied into a new
molecule of _______ is known as _________ - Answer- DNA; mRNA; Transcription
The process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a
________ is known as _________ - Answer- mRNA; Translation
A Sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid in
protein is known as _______ - Answer- Codon
The processes by which cells develop with specialized structures & functions is called
_________ - Answer- Differentiation
___________ surrounds the myofibrils; stores and releases Ca into the muscles -
Answer- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Thin filament; made up of _____&_____&____ ;makes up the _____ band - Answer-
Actin; actin & troponin & tropomyosin; I
Thick filament; makes up the _____ band; known as golf clubs because ____ - Answer-
Myosin; H; head binds to actin, bend and straighten during contraction & break down
ATP
_________ is the smallest functional unit of skeletal muscle capable of contraction;
_______ separates each one; - Answer- Sarcomere; Z disks
_________ occurs when the inside of the cell becomes more (+) than when the cell is at
________; causing _______ - Answer- Depolarization; Resting Membrane Potential;
Action Potential
A rapid change in charge across the cell membrane is known as __________ - Answer-
Action Potential (electrical signal)
A junction between motor neuron and muscle fiber; nerve cell to effector cell known as
_______ - Answer- Neuromuscular Junction / Synapse
