1|Page
ONS/ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY
CERTIFICATE EXAM (UPDATED 2026) QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS | LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+ UPDATE
|2026
The Normal Cell Cycle ......ANSWER......-The cell cycle refers to the
ordered seres of processes of DNA replication and mitosis, or cell
division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing
complexes molecular information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase ......ANSWER......Cell division produces
two identical cells through these two major phases
During interphase: ......ANSWER......Cell grows and DNA is replicated
through the following three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
pg. 1
,2|Page
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) ......ANSWER......-cells increase in
size
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase) ......ANSWER......-DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase) ......ANSWER......-Replicated chromosomes are
aligned, separated, and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
pg. 2
,3|Page
-takes about 30-60 minutes
Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from ......ANSWER......-
G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
Restriction Point ......ANSWER......-The transition from the resting phase
into an actively dividing phase (G0-G1) is a point where cellular
transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a
restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are
required to send the cells past the restriction point, or the point of no
return
G0 Phase (resting phase) ......ANSWER......-After mitosis, cells may enter
back into the G1 phase or go into a resting phase, known as G0
pg. 3
, 4|Page
-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
-Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase)
......ANSWER......-Exceptions to this are those that are metabollically
active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time ......ANSWER......Amount of time from mitosis to
mitosis
Cell cycle video and image
......ANSWER......http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/s
tudent_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control
......ANSWER......-The cell cycle is carefully controlled through a series of
checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell
division can alter the genetic information passed on to daughter cells,
leading to cellular dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
pg. 4
ONS/ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY
CERTIFICATE EXAM (UPDATED 2026) QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS | LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+ UPDATE
|2026
The Normal Cell Cycle ......ANSWER......-The cell cycle refers to the
ordered seres of processes of DNA replication and mitosis, or cell
division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing
complexes molecular information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase ......ANSWER......Cell division produces
two identical cells through these two major phases
During interphase: ......ANSWER......Cell grows and DNA is replicated
through the following three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
pg. 1
,2|Page
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) ......ANSWER......-cells increase in
size
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase) ......ANSWER......-DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase) ......ANSWER......-Replicated chromosomes are
aligned, separated, and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
pg. 2
,3|Page
-takes about 30-60 minutes
Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from ......ANSWER......-
G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
Restriction Point ......ANSWER......-The transition from the resting phase
into an actively dividing phase (G0-G1) is a point where cellular
transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a
restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are
required to send the cells past the restriction point, or the point of no
return
G0 Phase (resting phase) ......ANSWER......-After mitosis, cells may enter
back into the G1 phase or go into a resting phase, known as G0
pg. 3
, 4|Page
-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
-Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase)
......ANSWER......-Exceptions to this are those that are metabollically
active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time ......ANSWER......Amount of time from mitosis to
mitosis
Cell cycle video and image
......ANSWER......http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/s
tudent_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control
......ANSWER......-The cell cycle is carefully controlled through a series of
checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell
division can alter the genetic information passed on to daughter cells,
leading to cellular dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
pg. 4
