MODULE :PUB1501
,PUB1501 Exam Study Pack
Contains:
• Comprehensive Exam Summary &
Study Notes
• Exam Questions & Answers
, Possi
bleExami
nat
ionQuest
ionsf
orPUB1501
1.Expl
ainwhati
smeantbyt
heconcept“
stat
e”?.
Todescri
beastateyouneedtodescri
beconceptofastat
e,usuall
y
hasi
tsownt er
ri
tor
y,popul
ati
on,gov
ernmentandsoverei
gnty.I
tisan
pol
it
ical
organi
zedcommuni t
ythati
sunderonegovernment.
2.Descr
ibei
ndet
ail
themeani
ngoft
hef
oll
owi
ngconcept
s:
Cit
izenshi
p.-Ci ti
zenshi
pisthatpersonsstat
usorr el
ati
onshiptoa
nati
onorst ate.ForexampleaSouthAf ri
canci
tizenisapersonwho
enj
oy scit
izenshipinSout
hAf r
ica,
eitherbybi
rthornatural
i
zation.
Community.
-Peoplewhoar egr
oupedtoget
herbecauseofashar
edor
st
rongcommunal int
erest
.Thecondi
ti
onofshari
ngorhavingcer
tai
n
at
ti
tudesandint
erestincommon.
Government.
-Thewor dgovernmentcomesf r
om theLati
nwor dcall
ed;
gubername,wgichbasi
call
ymeanst oserv e.I
tmightalsorefertothe
col
lecti
onofpeopleandinsti
tut
ionsthatmakeandenf orcest helaws
morespecif
icall
ytonati
onalgovernment.Therearetwof ormsof
Government;Democrati
candNondemocr ati
cgovernance.
Form ofgov er
nment -Therearedi
fferentf ormsofgovernment,whichis
referredbyt heactionsoft hegovernment .Twobroadcategor
iesmay
bedi sti
ngui shed,namel ydemocrati
cf ormsofgov ernmentand
nondemocr ati
cfor msofgov er
nment .Democr ati
cformsof
gov ernmentar echar acteri
sedbythepr incipl
esofpopularsov
ereignty,
politi
cal equalit
y,equal it
yofthepeopl e,consult
ati
onwiththepeople
andmaj oritygover nment .Nondemocr aticformsofgovernmentinclude
dictatorships,totalit
ariani
sm andperf ecttotal
it
ari
ani
sm.Theyar e
char act
er i
sedbyt hef actthatt
heprinciplespresenti
ndemocr aci
esar e
absentt ov ar y
ingdegr ees.
Publi
cadmi nist
rati
on-PublicAdmi nist
rationisaboutprovidi
ngf orthe
needs(poverty,
securi
ty)ofsociety,sati
sfyingtheneedsofsoci ety
wit
hinthebor dersofaspeci f
icstatebyt heprov i
sionofcert
ainpubl i
c
serv
icesbyt heauthori
tiesatallspheresofgov er
nment.
3.Expl
ainhowtheConsti
tut
ionoft
heRepubli
cofSout
hAf
ri
cacanber
egar
ded
asacontemporar
yexampleofasoci
alcontr
act
.
Social
contractisanagreementbet
weengov er
nmentononehandand
thesociet
yandt heindi
vidual
onanother
.Eachpar
tyhasr
ight
sand
obli
gati
onstof ul
fi
l.
, Allthr
eeoftheseconst it
uti
ons( theConsti
tut
ionoftheUnionofSout
h
Afri
ca1909, andt heConsti
t utionsoftheRepubli
cofSouthAfri
ca1993
and1996)wer et heoutcomeofapr ocessofnegoti
ati
onsduri
ngwhich
therewereattempt stocreat eopportuni
ti
esfor“negot
iat
ed
agreementsbet weenconf l
ictingparti
estocurbdamaget oeach
other’
sint
erests”.
The1996Const it
uti
onoft heRepubl i
cofSout hAfri
ca;thefinal
const i
tutionwasdr awnupbyt heConstit
utional Assembl y
, i
not her
wor dst hebodywasmadeupoft hedemocr at i
call
yelected
represent ati
vesofallt
hepeopl eofSouthAf rica.Societyalsobecame
i
nv olved, morethan248500pet i
tionsand1500i ndivi
dualsumbi ssi
ons
onv ariousaspect softheConst i
tuti
onwer er eceiv
edf r
om member sof
thepubl ic.The1996Const it
utionoftheRepubl i
cofSout hAf ri
camay
ber i
ght full
yregar
dedasr epresentati
vesoft hev al
uesoft hebr oad
Sout hAf ri
cansociety.
Socialcont
ractisanagreementbet weentheStatement,
Government
and/ortheCiti
zens.Anexampl ein1994,theRull
ingPart
ybeforegoing
toNationalandProv i
nci
alGovernmentElecti
onsmadepr omisestothe
elect
oratethr
ought heManifest
o,thefol
lowingwerepromised;
Education,
decenthousing,basi
chumanr i
ghtsandaccessi
blejust
ice.
Someoft
hesewer
ereal
l
ydel
i
ver
edon.
Thuswecant heref
orsaythat,
theConstit
uti
onofRSAi tisaSocial
Contractasforanexampl eyoucannotkil
lanotherper
son,shoul
dy ou
dosuch, youwill
bedealtwithint
ermsofaut hori
ti
esdischar
gingthei
r
work,thepoli
cewi l
lar
restyouandthepersonaggr i
evedwill
be
vi
ndicatedthr
oughGov ernmentAgencies.
4.Descr
ibehowt
echnol
ogyi
nfl
uencest
heneedsofsoci
ety
.
Technol ogyhasi ncreasedpr oduct i
vi
tywithregar
dst omanuf act
uri
ng
whichl eadst opr ofi
ts,i
thasal sointr
oducedanewt ypeofcriminal
acti
v i
ti
es, suchascy berbullyingandi denti
tythef
t.Astechnology
advancest her eisgr eaterneedf ort
hegov ernmenttoprotectnew
technologyt hreats.Thecol lectionofknowl edgeorskil
l
sav ail
ablei
n
societyfori ndust ry.Thistechnol ogythereformakesspecifi
cdemands
ont heaut hor i
ties.
5.Pr
ovi
deadefi
nit
ionofasocialcontr
actandnamet hethr
eephi
l
osopher
swho
ar
eregar
dedt
obel eadi
ngthinker
sont hesoci
alcontr
act
.
Socialcontractisanagreementbet weengov ernmentononehandand
thesocietyandt heindi
vidualonanot her.Eachpar tyhasr i
ght
sand
obli
gat i
onstof ul
fi
l.Theuseoft heconceptof“ socialcontr
act”bri
ngs
tomi ndinpar t
icul
arthetheoriesofthreepr ominentphi l
osophers
namel y;ThomasHobbes, JohnLockeandJean- JacquesRousseau,
t
h
from theperiodbeginni
ngi nthemi d-
17 cent uryuptot hemid-18th
,PUB1501 Exam Study Pack
Contains:
• Comprehensive Exam Summary &
Study Notes
• Exam Questions & Answers
, Possi
bleExami
nat
ionQuest
ionsf
orPUB1501
1.Expl
ainwhati
smeantbyt
heconcept“
stat
e”?.
Todescri
beastateyouneedtodescri
beconceptofastat
e,usuall
y
hasi
tsownt er
ri
tor
y,popul
ati
on,gov
ernmentandsoverei
gnty.I
tisan
pol
it
ical
organi
zedcommuni t
ythati
sunderonegovernment.
2.Descr
ibei
ndet
ail
themeani
ngoft
hef
oll
owi
ngconcept
s:
Cit
izenshi
p.-Ci ti
zenshi
pisthatpersonsstat
usorr el
ati
onshiptoa
nati
onorst ate.ForexampleaSouthAf ri
canci
tizenisapersonwho
enj
oy scit
izenshipinSout
hAf r
ica,
eitherbybi
rthornatural
i
zation.
Community.
-Peoplewhoar egr
oupedtoget
herbecauseofashar
edor
st
rongcommunal int
erest
.Thecondi
ti
onofshari
ngorhavingcer
tai
n
at
ti
tudesandint
erestincommon.
Government.
-Thewor dgovernmentcomesf r
om theLati
nwor dcall
ed;
gubername,wgichbasi
call
ymeanst oserv e.I
tmightalsorefertothe
col
lecti
onofpeopleandinsti
tut
ionsthatmakeandenf orcest helaws
morespecif
icall
ytonati
onalgovernment.Therearetwof ormsof
Government;Democrati
candNondemocr ati
cgovernance.
Form ofgov er
nment -Therearedi
fferentf ormsofgovernment,whichis
referredbyt heactionsoft hegovernment .Twobroadcategor
iesmay
bedi sti
ngui shed,namel ydemocrati
cf ormsofgov ernmentand
nondemocr ati
cfor msofgov er
nment .Democr ati
cformsof
gov ernmentar echar acteri
sedbythepr incipl
esofpopularsov
ereignty,
politi
cal equalit
y,equal it
yofthepeopl e,consult
ati
onwiththepeople
andmaj oritygover nment .Nondemocr aticformsofgovernmentinclude
dictatorships,totalit
ariani
sm andperf ecttotal
it
ari
ani
sm.Theyar e
char act
er i
sedbyt hef actthatt
heprinciplespresenti
ndemocr aci
esar e
absentt ov ar y
ingdegr ees.
Publi
cadmi nist
rati
on-PublicAdmi nist
rationisaboutprovidi
ngf orthe
needs(poverty,
securi
ty)ofsociety,sati
sfyingtheneedsofsoci ety
wit
hinthebor dersofaspeci f
icstatebyt heprov i
sionofcert
ainpubl i
c
serv
icesbyt heauthori
tiesatallspheresofgov er
nment.
3.Expl
ainhowtheConsti
tut
ionoft
heRepubli
cofSout
hAf
ri
cacanber
egar
ded
asacontemporar
yexampleofasoci
alcontr
act
.
Social
contractisanagreementbet
weengov er
nmentononehandand
thesociet
yandt heindi
vidual
onanother
.Eachpar
tyhasr
ight
sand
obli
gati
onstof ul
fi
l.
, Allthr
eeoftheseconst it
uti
ons( theConsti
tut
ionoftheUnionofSout
h
Afri
ca1909, andt heConsti
t utionsoftheRepubli
cofSouthAfri
ca1993
and1996)wer et heoutcomeofapr ocessofnegoti
ati
onsduri
ngwhich
therewereattempt stocreat eopportuni
ti
esfor“negot
iat
ed
agreementsbet weenconf l
ictingparti
estocurbdamaget oeach
other’
sint
erests”.
The1996Const it
uti
onoft heRepubl i
cofSout hAfri
ca;thefinal
const i
tutionwasdr awnupbyt heConstit
utional Assembl y
, i
not her
wor dst hebodywasmadeupoft hedemocr at i
call
yelected
represent ati
vesofallt
hepeopl eofSouthAf rica.Societyalsobecame
i
nv olved, morethan248500pet i
tionsand1500i ndivi
dualsumbi ssi
ons
onv ariousaspect softheConst i
tuti
onwer er eceiv
edf r
om member sof
thepubl ic.The1996Const it
utionoftheRepubl i
cofSout hAf ri
camay
ber i
ght full
yregar
dedasr epresentati
vesoft hev al
uesoft hebr oad
Sout hAf ri
cansociety.
Socialcont
ractisanagreementbet weentheStatement,
Government
and/ortheCiti
zens.Anexampl ein1994,theRull
ingPart
ybeforegoing
toNationalandProv i
nci
alGovernmentElecti
onsmadepr omisestothe
elect
oratethr
ought heManifest
o,thefol
lowingwerepromised;
Education,
decenthousing,basi
chumanr i
ghtsandaccessi
blejust
ice.
Someoft
hesewer
ereal
l
ydel
i
ver
edon.
Thuswecant heref
orsaythat,
theConstit
uti
onofRSAi tisaSocial
Contractasforanexampl eyoucannotkil
lanotherper
son,shoul
dy ou
dosuch, youwill
bedealtwithint
ermsofaut hori
ti
esdischar
gingthei
r
work,thepoli
cewi l
lar
restyouandthepersonaggr i
evedwill
be
vi
ndicatedthr
oughGov ernmentAgencies.
4.Descr
ibehowt
echnol
ogyi
nfl
uencest
heneedsofsoci
ety
.
Technol ogyhasi ncreasedpr oduct i
vi
tywithregar
dst omanuf act
uri
ng
whichl eadst opr ofi
ts,i
thasal sointr
oducedanewt ypeofcriminal
acti
v i
ti
es, suchascy berbullyingandi denti
tythef
t.Astechnology
advancest her eisgr eaterneedf ort
hegov ernmenttoprotectnew
technologyt hreats.Thecol lectionofknowl edgeorskil
l
sav ail
ablei
n
societyfori ndust ry.Thistechnol ogythereformakesspecifi
cdemands
ont heaut hor i
ties.
5.Pr
ovi
deadefi
nit
ionofasocialcontr
actandnamet hethr
eephi
l
osopher
swho
ar
eregar
dedt
obel eadi
ngthinker
sont hesoci
alcontr
act
.
Socialcontractisanagreementbet weengov ernmentononehandand
thesocietyandt heindi
vidualonanot her.Eachpar tyhasr i
ght
sand
obli
gat i
onstof ul
fi
l.Theuseoft heconceptof“ socialcontr
act”bri
ngs
tomi ndinpar t
icul
arthetheoriesofthreepr ominentphi l
osophers
namel y;ThomasHobbes, JohnLockeandJean- JacquesRousseau,
t
h
from theperiodbeginni
ngi nthemi d-
17 cent uryuptot hemid-18th
