LAT PREP EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST TEST BANK CERTIFICATION 2026/2027 (MOST RECENT!!)

LATG LATG LAT PREP EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST TEST BANK CERTIFICATION 2026/2027 (MOST RECENT!!) Through the AALAS Certification Program, technicians become nationally certified. Name the three levels of technician certifications. - Correct Ans-ALAT, LAT, LATG Which of the following duties would not be routinely performed by an ALAT? - Correct Ans-Surgical Procedures What group was established in 1950 to ensure welfare of laboratory animals and provide for their needs? - Correct Ans-Animal Care Panel Which member of the research term plans and coordinates all phases of the research work? - Correct Ans-Principal Investigator Why are animals used to study human diseases? - Correct Ans-The biomedical processes in animal models can be very similar to humans. What is the first step to take to try to resolve a conflict with a co-worker? - Correct Ans Talk to your co-worker and see if you can discuss the issues and work out the problem. What two mandates or documents must be studied in additon to the ALAT Training Manual to prepare for th ALAT technician certification examination? - Correct Ans-The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Regulations Who led the group of veterinarians that met in Chicago and formed the Animal Care Panel (ACP) - Correct Ans-Dr. Nathan Brewer The Animal Care Panel changed its name in 1967 to what? - Correct Ans-American Association for Laboratory Animal Science RALAT is the acronym for which of the following? - Correct Ans-Registered Assistant Laboratory Animal Technician At most institutions, who must review and monitor the animal use protocols at an institution? - Correct Ans-Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee What is the term described in the 3Rs for designing an experiment so that stress or pain to an animal is minimized? - Correct Ans-Refinement LATG LATG Using cell or tissue culture or mathematical models in the experiment whenever possible and substituting "lower" species for "higher" mammalian species are examples of whcih of the 3Rs principles? - Correct Ans-Replacement Using the minimum number of animals that will serve a useful purpose, yet yeild statistically sound data and produce scientific benefit demonstrates which principle? - Correct Ans-Reduction Which document is named by the Guide and PHS Policy as the one that must be followed when euthanizing research animals? - Correct Ans-AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia Beyond food, water, shelter, and healthcare requirements, to comply with the AWA, what must be provided to dogs in a laboratory animal research facility? - Correct Ans Opportunities for exercise The US Government Principles apply to which animals? - Correct Ans-Vertebrate species What is the term for the field of study concerned with the philosophical issues raised by some medical procedures and treatments? - Correct Ans-Bioethics If an incident of animal misuse is not resolved after contacting your supervisor, you can submit your concerns to which individual? - Correct Ans-IACUC chair The PHS policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals applies specifically to which type of research? - Correct Ans-Federally funded research Which of the following animals is a covered species under the Animal Welfare Act? Guinea pig bred for research Mouse bred for research Rat bred for research Snake bred for research - Correct Ans-Guinea pig bred for research What does the acronym 'SOP' stand for - Correct Ans-Standard Operating Procedure What are the three Rs? - Correct Ans-Replacement, refinement, reduction Who administers the Animal Welfare Regulations? - Correct Ans-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture How often must an IACUC perform inspections of the facility? - Correct Ans-Every 6 months LATG LATG How often does the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service perform inspections of the animal research facility? - Correct Ans-At least once a year USDA inspection records are available to the public under a provision of which federal law? - Correct Ans-Freedom of Information Act Which regulations specifically apply to experiments in which a test material is being studied for safety and will be reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration or the Environmental Protection Agency? - Correct Ans-Good Laboratory Practices Which document on animal research is reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee? - Correct Ans-Animal use protocol Which document contains information regarding potential disasters, evacuation, and emergency contacts? - Correct Ans-Disaster plan What is the best way to measure the effectiveness of an institution-wide emergency system? - Correct Ans-Periodic disaster drills Which of the following facilities would generally have the lowest risk of being targeted by animal rights activists? - Correct Ans-Facilities housing fish and amphibians What is the primary purpose of a facility security program? - Correct Ans-To ensure a safe and secure environment for workers Who is ultimately responsible for the safety of an individual staff member of an animal research facility? - Correct Ans-The individual him/herself Where should the contact list be posted? - Correct Ans-In common areas that have heavy traffic In a disaster situation, the lab animals should be evacuated only under which circumstance? - Correct Ans-Evacuation does not jeopardize the safety of the staff What is the main reason that post-incident discussions are useful? - Correct Ans-They can be used to identify ways to improve emergency procedures If you receive a threatening phone call at the animal facility, what should you do first? - Correct Ans-Leave the area and report the incident An exercise which involved the mock destruction of part of the facility due to an earthquake is an example of: - Correct Ans-A drill What is the goal of an occupational health and safety program? - Correct Ans-To minimize the risk of occupational injuries for all employees LATG LATG Which federal agency in the U.S. is the main enforcer of rules or standards related to workplace safety? - Correct Ans-The Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Which health surveillance procedure is particularly important in facilities housing nonhmuan primates? - Correct Ans-Tuberculin skin test Why should employees with pets in their home be particularly careful while working in the animal facility? - Correct Ans-To avoid introducing microorganisms into the laboratory animal colony Which factor does NOT determine the type of PPE needed when working in the facility? - Correct Ans-Skill and experience What does an eye was station use to clean the eye? - Correct Ans-Clean water under low pressure What is radioactivity? - Correct Ans-A release of energy rays Which type of hazard causes musculoskeletal injuries - Correct Ans-Ergonomic Which is NOT a way to reduce the chance of repetitive motion injuries? - Correct Ans Practicing the movements at home What is the term for a disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans? - Correct Ans-Zoonosis Which of these provide information on the toxicity of chemicals? Heath screening results Material safety data sheets (MSDS) Standard operating procedures (SOPS) Disaster checklists - Correct Ans-Material safety data sheets (MSDS) Whose standards specifically address the storage and handling of radioactive materials in the facility? - Correct Ans-Nuclear Regulatory Commission What type of injure can be prevented by taking frequent short breaks to rest and stretch the body? - Correct Ans-Repetitive motion Which zoonosis is most commonly found among sheep, goats, and cattle? - Correct Ans-Q-fever LATG LATG Which parasite can be transmitted to humans through the handling of cat feces? - Correct Ans-Toxoplasma gondii Where is the most appropriate place to keep personal belongings such as coats, cell phones, and purses? - Correct Ans-In the locker room Puncture proof containers are used in the animal facility to dispose of which items? - Correct Ans-Sharps What should you do to safely walk around in an animal room during the dark part of the light/dark cycle? - Correct Ans-Allow the eyes time to adjust Shielding, time, and distance are the key factors for personal protection against: - Correct Ans-Radiation If you work with animals who are infected with biohazardous agents, you must be aware that: - Correct Ans-The animals' saliva, urine, and feces may contain dangerous microorganisms Which is NOT a factor in personal protection against radiation? - Correct Ans-Motion What is the typical flow of caging and equipment through a cage wash area? - Correct Ans-Dirty side to cage washer to clean side to animal room What type of cage washer is best used for cleaning large numbers of smaller pieces of equipment such as rodent cages, or feed bowls? - Correct Ans-A tunnel washer Which piece of sanitization equipment, if used improperly can injure the use, injure animals, and remove paint from the walls? - Correct Ans-A pressure washer Foamers aerate which two ingredients into a sanitizing foam? - Correct Ans-Water and disinfectant On an animal caging rack, what is the water manifold? - Correct Ans-The piping that distributes water to each individual cage How often should automated watering systems be checked to ensure they are in proper working condition? - Correct Ans-Once per day In the case of a malfunction, which type of watering system has the most potential to drown rodents? - Correct Ans-An automatic watering system What may be placed with newly weaned mouse pups to assist with their hydration while they learn how to operate a water valve? - Correct Ans-Water bottles or gel packs LATG LATG What chemicals are often added to animals' drinking water to reduce bacterial contamination - Correct Ans-Acid and chlorine What nonchemical methods are often used to reduce contamination in animals' drinking water? - Correct Ans-Reverse osmosis and ultraviolet radiation What types of feeders are commonly used for pelleted rabbit and guinea pig feeds? - Correct Ans-J-shaped, clip-on feeders What types of materials must never be autoclaved? - Correct Ans-Flammable liquids What personal protective equipment is essential when steam autoclaving? - Correct Ans-Heat resistant gloves to avoid thermal burns In which piece of equipment should you open bottles of volatile chemicals? - Correct Ans-A fume hood Large ovens that burn tissues, trash, and other materials to ash are called: - Correct Ans-Incinerators What type of biological safety cabinet provides the highest level of protection against exposure to biological agents? - Correct Ans-Class III Which type of sanitization equipment can decontaminate a room using a disinfectant without manually washing or scrubbing surfaces? - Correct Ans-Misters and foggers What is the final rinse temperature of the cage wash cycle? - Correct Ans-180 degrees F What does the abbreviation HEPA stand for? - Correct Ans-High efficiency particulate air The 'primary enclosure' refers to: - Correct Ans-The animal's cage The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals does not recommend wire bottomed caging for rodents because of the potential for: - Correct Ans-Foot injuries Housing for what species requires a raised resting platform, a clean litter pan, and fresh litter daily? - Correct Ans-Cats What type of cage creates a containment system at the cage level to prevent microorganisms form entering the cage? - Correct Ans-Microisolation cage What is the most commonly used metal in laboratory animal caging? - Correct Ans Stainless steel LATG LATG What nondurable plastic is commonly used to make single use caging such as shipping containers or caging for studies involving radioactive materials? - Correct Ans Polystyrene What is the most common plastic used for rodent caging and fish tanks? - Correct Ans Polysulfone What is commonly used in laboratory animals to reduce boredom through mental stimulation? - Correct Ans-Environmental enrichment What type of cages are nonhuman primates often housing in to facilitate restraint for brief procedures? - Correct Ans-Squeeze cages What document contains space recommendations for most laboratory animals? - Correct Ans-The Guide Appropriate caging should balance the needs of the animal with: - Correct Ans-The ability to provide for sanitization Whenever possible, social animals should be housed: - Correct Ans-In pairs or groups What term refers to the environmental conditions within an animal's pen or cage? - Correct Ans-Microenvironment What type of cage allows for collection of spilled feed and water, and collection of urine and feces in separate tubes? - Correct Ans-Metabolism cage Why are the cage clamps required on biocontainment caging? - Correct Ans-To precent accidental opening of the cage What can happen to the animals if ventilation fails in an individually ventilated cage? - Correct Ans-The animals can die from high carbon dioxide levels Why type of caging is generally used for pigs? - Correct Ans-A pen Which of the following is designed to function as a mini animal room within a room? - Correct Ans-Cubicle Aquatic caging must have which two features? - Correct Ans-A water source and drain Which term refers to the environmental conditions within a room holding animals? - Correct Ans-Macroenvironment Proper ventilation in animal rooms helps prevent the accumulation of waste gases, such as: - Correct Ans-Ammonia and carbon dioxide LATG LATG The Guide recommends a room ventilation rate of how many air changes per hour? - Correct Ans-10 to 15 Animal quarantine rooms and rooms containing animals experimentally infected with pathogens are normally kept under what type of pressure? - Correct Ans-Negative Albino animals are particularly sensitive to: - Correct Ans-Light Using a barrier to prevent the entry of infectious agents into a room is called: - Correct Ans-Bioexclusion What is the room called that is intended to separate incoming animals from the existing colony? - Correct Ans-Quarantine room If bioexclusion is the goal, a room should be kept under positive pressure - Correct Ans True Which of the following describes the BEST storage conditions for bags of animal bedding? - Correct Ans-A separate room away from animal rooms, stacked on pallets, 6 inches away from the wall Rabbit and dog housing rooms should be kept a little warmer than rodent rooms - Correct Ans-False When you open a door to a room, and the air rushes OUT into the hallway, how would you describe the pressure of the room - Correct Ans-Positive What is the term for the environmental conditions within an animal's cage? - Correct Ans-Microenvironment What is the acceptable range of humidity within an animal room? - Correct Ans-30-70% If you see 14:10 written in an SOP for lighting in an animal room, this means a cycle of: - Correct Ans-14 hours of light followed by 10 hours of darkness What is the effect of noise and vibrations on animals? - Correct Ans-It produces stress in animals What is ventilation? - Correct Ans-The rate at which room air is exchanged with fresh air You can usually assume that the environmental conditions within a cage are very similar to what is measured by the monitoring equipment in the surrounding animal room - Correct Ans-False What information does the material safety data sheet provide? - Correct Ans Information on how to safely handle and work with a substance LATG LATG What are infectious agents that are smaller than bacteria and not made up of a whole cell called? - Correct Ans-Viruses What information should be kept in the cage wash temperature log? - Correct Ans-The temperature strip test results and the date Why shouldn't torn bags of feed that have been received be taken into the facility? - Correct Ans-They may contain unwanted pests What is the definition of disinfection? - Correct Ans-To destroy microorganisms or affect their growth on an object or surgace What does sterilization do? - Correct Ans-Destroys all organisms on, and sometimes inside, an obejct When using bleach to disinfect surfaces soiled with animal debris and organic matter, what must you be sure to do? - Correct Ans-Use a detergent to loosen the debris before you clean it with a bleach solution What is a common method for sterilizing a cage rack? - Correct Ans-Autoclaving Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the disposal of hazardous waste? -It may be disposed of with nonhazardous waste if it is stored in a leak-proof container -It must be rendered safe by sterilization or other appropriate means -Radiological hazardous waste is separated from biological hazardous waste -It should be coordinated with the institutions environmental health and safety department - Correct Ans-It may be disposed of with nonhazardous waste if it is stored in a leak-proof container Pesticides in animal facilities should be: - Correct Ans-Strictly controlled and applied only by skilled and experienced personnel What are the two general categories of waste produced in a laboratory animal facility? - Correct Ans-General and hazardous What are the three processes used to either remove or kill microorganisms? - Correct Ans-Sanitization, disinfection, sterilization What is the general term for microorganisms that cause disease? - Correct Ans Pathogens LATG LATG T/F: Only disinfectants labeled as sporicidal will kill spores - Correct Ans-True What is the chemical name for bleach? - Correct Ans-Sodium hypochlorite What special care must be taken when working with robotic equipment in the cage wash area to avoid a disruption in operation? - Correct Ans-Dirty cages must be stacked precisely Feed is much more important than water for the survival of an animal - Correct Ans False Acid and ______ are sometimes used to treat the water in animal facilities to prevent the growth of pathogens - Correct Ans-Chlorine Which of the following is an essential amine acid for cats? - Correct Ans-Taurine Amino acids join together to form: - Correct Ans-Proteins Carbohydrate is stored in the body mainly as: - Correct Ans-Glycogen For which animals is fiber considered a 'true nutrient'? - Correct Ans-Ruminants What is the primary source of carbohydrates in most animal diets? - Correct Ans-Grains Baby pigs have brown fat which is used to help maintain their body temperature - Correct Ans-False Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for which species? - Correct Ans-Guinea pigs and nonhuman primates Which nutrient is considered the most important and comprises more that two thirds of the body weight? - Correct Ans-Water T/F: Proteins are large, complex molecules - Correct Ans-True What disease is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C? - Correct Ans-Scurvy A lack of dietary iron can cause what disease? - Correct Ans-Anemia What is the milling date on a bag of animal feed? - Correct Ans-The date the feed was manufactured Feeding animals free choice, or as much as they want is called: - Correct Ans-ad libitum What type of diet contains drugs for treating animals? - Correct Ans-Medicated feed LATG Which of the following is TRUE about certified feed: A: The manufacturer has certified that only a certain percentage of moisture is present in the feed B: The manufacturer certifies that specific medications have been included in the feed C: The manufacturer certifies that the feed has been irradiated D: The manufacturer certifies that contaminants are below a certain level - Correct Ans D Which of the following is FALSE regarding edible enrichment? A: Fruits and vegetables are often given to NHPs as enrichment B: Fruits and vegetables give the animals the opportunity to manipulate their food as they would in the wild C: Edible enrichment should be given in limited quantities so it does not interfere with the intake of the animals' normal feed D: Candy should never be given when training animals - Correct Ans-D T/F: Hay and straw are the same thing - Correct Ans-False Which acronym refers to withholding both food and water from an animal? A: CRO B: NPO C: GLP D: APV - Correct Ans-NPO Animals with which disease have increased urine output and increased water consumption? - Correct Ans-Diabetes Which species are typically not fasted prior to surgery because they do not vomit? - Correct Ans-Rodents and rabbits Skin tenting is used to check for what problem? - Correct Ans-Dehydration Which of the following is a way to permanently identify a laboratory animal? -Cage cards -Ear punches LATG LATG LATG -Colored markers -Collars and tags - Correct Ans-Ear punches What method of permanent identification in rodents is generally discoursed without strong scientific justification to the IACUC? - Correct Ans-Toe clipping How often should technicians assess animal health? - Correct Ans-Every day T/F: Even though changing cages is essential for animal well-being and health, it is also a significant source of stress for them - Correct Ans-True Which of the following statements is TRUE? A: It's OK to play music in a mouse room when you're changing cages B: Cage changes of socialized cats and dogs should include gentle play C: Each animal cage should be cleaned an sanitized every day D: You may turn on the light in an animal room after it has entered the dark cycle - Correct Ans-B Animal census refers to: - Correct Ans-The number of individual animals or cages per investigator per room What should you do if you find that the temperature in a room has fallen below the accepted range? - Correct Ans-Notify your supervisor If rodent cages have water bottles, how often should they be replaced with new ones? - Correct Ans-During each cage change Which of the following would be an emergency situation? - Correct Ans-An escaped nonhuman primate Which of the following is NOT an emergency situation? - Correct Ans-A nonhuman primate that has destroyed its cage card Which of the following statements is false? A: If an environmental parameter has fallen below the accepted range, technicians should attempt to fix the problem themselves B: Heating, ventilation, cooling, humidity and light cycle should be monitored daily in each housing room LATG LATG C: Technicians should be trained in how to use the computerized monitoring systems, if present D: All environmental parameters should be kept within the values stated in the Guide - Correct Ans-A Animals from what source are most likely to harbor disease causing agents? - Correct Ans-Wild caught animals What type of dealer can usually provide complete health information about their animals from birth? - Correct Ans-Class A dealers What type of animals may have digestive problems because they lack bacteria in the intestinal tract? - Correct Ans-Axenic Animals should never be ordered without what? - Correct Ans-An approved IACUC protocol Motorized vehicles used to transport animals should be: - Correct Ans-Climate controlled Before disposing of animal shipping containers, an animal technician should: - Correct Ans-Double-check the container for any remaining animals Before opening a container of rodents, the container should be: - Correct Ans Disinfected Sweating can be a sign of overheating in which species? - Correct Ans-Pigs and horses The separation of newly received rodents from those already in the facility is called: - Correct Ans-Quarantine The examination of a dead animal for diagnostic purposes or to determine the cause of death is called: - Correct Ans-A necropsy After transportation, the time it takes animals to adjust to their new surroundings is called the: - Correct Ans-Acclimation period The period of time for acclimation and conditioning is usually how long? - Correct Ans 72 hours T/F: All incoming animals, from all vendors, should undergo a quarantine period away from the rest of the colony? - Correct Ans-False Which of the following would NOT be performed during a quarantine period for incoming animals? LATG LATG A: Surgery B: De-worming C: Vaccination D: Apply identification - Correct Ans-Surgery Which of the following parameters of shipping is NOT specified by the Animal Welfare Regulations? - Correct Ans-What time of day the animals must be transported If an animal is exposed to a pathogen while in transit to a research facility, typically how long is it before the animal will test positive for the pathogen? - Correct Ans-2-3 weeks T/F: Transferring animals from one protocol to another within the same institution is initiated via contacting the animals' vendor? - Correct Ans-False A defined flora animal is the same as...? - Correct Ans-A gnotobiotic animal What is the generic name for the drug in Ketofen? - Correct Ans-Ketoprofen What are pain-relieving drugs called? - Correct Ans-Analgesics Opioid analgesics are often referred to as? - Correct Ans-Narcotics Which of the following are two common opioid analgesics? - Correct Ans-Morphine and buprenorphine In addition to relieving pain, which type of medication also reduces inflammation? - Correct Ans-NSAIDs The anti-inflammatory drugs cortisone, prednisone, and dexamethasone are examples of what? - Correct Ans-Steroids How do steroids work to reduce inflammation? - Correct Ans-The suppress the immune system What class of drugs has the most potential to injure the stomach lining? - Correct Ans NSAIDs What class of medications is used to render an animal unconscious to eliminate the sensation of feeling and pain? - Correct Ans-General anesthetics Anthelmintics and miticides are examples of what? - Correct Ans-Parasiticides Who regulates the manufacture, possession, and use of controlled substances? - Correct Ans-The DEA LATG LATG Isoflurane and sevoflurane are two commonly used...? - Correct Ans-Inhalant anesthetics Acepromazine, diazepam, and xylazine are all commonly used: - Correct Ans Tranquilizers What are drugs that treat infections caused by bacteria called? - Correct Ans-Antibiotics Which of the following are examples of antibiotic drugs? - Correct Ans-Enroflaxin and doxycycline Thiabenzadole and piperazine are examples of: - Correct Ans-Anthelmintics Medications like pyrethrins that kill lice and fleas are known as: - Correct Ans Insecticides Guinea pigs can die if given which drug? - Correct Ans-Penicillin Which controlled substances are the most addictive? - Correct Ans-Schedule I compouds Which of the following is an example of a schedule II analgesic? - Correct Ans-Fentanyl If an expiration date on a drug label says 'July 2013," that drug may no longer be used after what date? - Correct Ans-July 31, 2013 What term refers to administering a drug directly into the gastrointestinal tract either orally or rectally? - Correct Ans-Enteral adminitration The method of drug administration that most quickly distributes medication throughout the body via the circulation is: - Correct Ans-Intravenous If you give an animal a drug treatment, where should you record it? - Correct Ans-In the animal's health record What is the administration of a medication in the space between the muscle and the skin called? - Correct Ans-A subcutaneous injection Insufficient feed and internal parasites can cause what common clinical sign? - Correct Ans-Weight loss What clinical signs can indicate an infection of the middle or inner ear? - Correct Ans Head tilt or circling What is the involuntary bristling of fur or feathers called? - Correct Ans-Piloerection LATG LATG Porphyrin is the substance that causes which of the following? A. Cyanosis of mucous membranes in rats B. Red staining around eyes and nose of mice or rats C. Pruritus in mice D. Alopecia in mice or rats - Correct Ans-B Malocclusion refers to what? - Correct Ans-Abnormal alignment of the teeth in rodents and rabbits What is it called when an animal is having difficulty breathing? - Correct Ans-Dyspnea Exposure to cedar wood shavings causes what problem? - Correct Ans-Abnormal levels of liver enzymes An organism that does not cause disease by itself but can transmit another disease causing organism is called a what? - Correct Ans-Vector What are nonliving items or materials that transmit infectious organisms called? - Correct Ans-Fomites What is it called when internal tissue is pushed through a body orifice? - Correct Ans Prolapse Rats and mice are not intended for research use, but still placed within the research colony to detect pathogens are called what? - Correct Ans-Sentinel animals What is alopecia? - Correct Ans-The loss of hair or feathers in patches or widespread areas When examining an animal's mucous membranes, which of the following should you look for? - Correct Ans-Cyanosis What are most cases of tuberculosis in monkeys due to? - Correct Ans-Exposure to an infected human To test both humans and NHPs for TB, what route is used to inject the tuberculin? - Correct Ans-ID To properly sanitize caging and prevent the spread of infection, rinse water should be at least what temperature? - Correct Ans-82C (180F) LATG LATG Investigating the nature and cause of a disease is known as obtaining a what? - Correct Ans-Diagnosis What does the cellophane tape test used in rodents test for? - Correct Ans-Internal parasites Which of the following would NOT help in the diagnosis of a disease? A. Prescribing feed containing fenbenzadole B. Culturing a sample of urine, feces, or wound drainage C. Evaluating blood cells D. Measuring chemicals in the serum - Correct Ans-A To protect their health, ferrets are commonly vaccinated for what disease? - Correct Ans-Canine distemper Where should animals be housed that are suspected of carrying an infectious disease? - Correct Ans-In an isolation room If a carcass will be necropsied, where should it be stored until the necropsy can be performed? - Correct Ans-In a refrigerator to prevent decomposition Which is the publication that the research community uses as standards for euthanasia of laboratory animals? - Correct Ans-The AVMA Guideline on Euthanasia Conditionally acceptable methods of euthanasia must be approved by which group? - Correct Ans-The IACUC Which of the following is a definition of hypoxia? - Correct Ans-An animal experiencing reduced oxygen levels With CO2 euthanasia, the source of the CO2 gas should be generated from which source? - Correct Ans-A compressed gas tank What type of animal is resistant to CO2 euthanasia - Correct Ans-Neonatal rodents Which species are commonly euthanized with an overdose of MS-222? - Correct Ans Amphibians and fish T/F: When euthanizing an animal, someone must stay with the animal throughout the entire process. - Correct Ans-True LATG LATG What is the most common method of euthanizing small rodents? - Correct Ans-Carbon dioxide Which of the following is a conditionally acceptable physical method of euthanasia used with small rodents? - Correct Ans-Cervical dislocation Which of the following would NOT be a good training method for new technicians to learn euthanasia techniques? - Correct Ans-Practicing on an awake animal (that is not currently in a research study) What steps must be done before disposing of an animal carcass in a refrigerator or freezer? - Correct Ans-Make sure the animal is dead What physical method of euthanasia uses a guillotine? - Correct Ans-Decapitation What does the prefix 'hemi' mean? - Correct Ans-Half What part of a word provides the essential core of its meaning? - Correct Ans-The root The metric system is based on powers of what? - Correct Ans-10 What does the word 'hypertension' mean? - Correct Ans-High blood pressure The root words 'pulmo' and 'pneumo' refer to which part of the body? - Correct Ans Lungs What does the abbreviation 'mg' stand for? - Correct Ans-Milligrams What does the abbreviation 'kg' stand for? - Correct Ans-Kilogram What is the standard unit of weight in the metric system? - Correct Ans-Gram What is the standard unit of length in the metric system? - Correct Ans-Meter 1 kg = how many grams? - Correct Ans-1000 In the metric system, the prefix kilo (k) means what? - Correct Ans-One thousand 1 mL = how many liters? - Correct Ans-1/1000 About how many centimeters are in an inch? - Correct Ans-2.5 A kg is approximately equal to how many lbs? - Correct Ans-2.2 Normal body temp for a dog, 102.5F is what temp in Celsius? - Correct Ans-39.2 LATG What element does the symbol K stand for? - Correct Ans-Potassium 42C equals what in Fahrenheit? - Correct Ans-107.6 72F equals what in Celsius? - Correct Ans-22.2 An 8kg dog weighs how many pounds? - Correct Ans-17.6 You need to make a 1:3 dilution of chemical C. Your final volume is 600 mL. What is the volume of chemical X you will use? - Correct Ans-200 mL NaCl is the formula for what? - Correct Ans-Table salt The act of shivering or sweating in order to maintain body temp is an example of what? - Correct Ans-Homeostasis Which of the following would be the most acidic? A. pH 1 B. pH 6 C. pH 9 D. pH 13 - Correct Ans-A Which of the following would be the most alkaline? A. pH 1 B. pH 5 C. pH 9 D. pH 13 - Correct Ans-D What term refers to a liquid used to dilute another substance? - Correct Ans-Diluent To make a total volume of 1 L at a 1:4 dilution of a cleaning product, how much diluent should be added to the cleaning product? - Correct Ans-750 mL When is a hypothesis developed during a research study? - Correct Ans-At the very beginning, when planning the study In most facilities, no research experiments on live vertebrate animals may begin be for the experiments are approved by who? - Correct Ans-IACUC T/F: Although the IACUC must approve all new studies before they can begin, researchers may add new experimental groups or procedures during the study without IACUC approval. - Correct Ans-False LATG LATG LATG In a research experiment, what is the term to describe the group of animals that does not receive the experimental treatment? - Correct Ans-The control animals Planned or controlled manipulations within a research study are called what? - Correct Ans-Experimental variables In a research experiment testing a new drug, which group of animals receives the test substance? - Correct Ans-The experimental group In a research protocol, what are the humane endpoints? - Correct Ans-The criteria used to determine when an animal should be euthanized Which of the following is a non-experimental variable that could interfere with research results? A. Genetic manipulation B. Changing cages on time every week C. Mistake in recording data D. Injection of a test substance - Correct Ans-C Which of the following is an example of basic research? A. Testing the safety of a new antibiotic ointment B. Testing a new drug therapy for Parkinson's disease C. Using cows for developing a new vaccine for chicken pox D. Studying the normal brain function of rats - Correct Ans-D In a research study, what is a variable? - Correct Ans-Factors or conditions that can change the results or outcome of a study Which of the following best describes the experimental design of a study? A. The detailed description of how the animals will be euthanized and how their carcasses will be disposed of. B. A step by step protocol describing how animals will be used in the study, including all procedures, drugs, and manipulations done to the animals. C. The written narrative describing the justification to use live animals in research. D. A plan that describes the methods used to answer the research question or hypothesis. - Correct Ans-D What is the scientific study of heredity called? - Correct Ans-Genetics LATG LATG A permanent change in an inherited or genetic factor is called what? - Correct Ans Mutation What do genes consist of? - Correct Ans-DNA in the chromosome What do chromosomes consist of? - Correct Ans-DNA and proteins What is the term for an animal's observable characteristics, including its physical appearance and internal physiology? - Correct Ans-Phenotype What is it called when an animal contains altered DNA designed to turn off a specific gene? - Correct Ans-Knockout If an animal has an impairment in part of the immune system, it is referred to as being what? - Correct Ans-Immunodeficient Which of the following is NOT a standard method to check for pregnancy in rodents? A. Weight monitoring B. Urine dip stick test C. Taking a radiograph (X-ray) D. Gentle palpitation - Correct Ans-B In relation to rodents, what does genetic engineering mean? - Correct Ans-Genes were manipulated in the laboratory and transferred into an animal What is the period of time between fertilization and birth called? - Correct Ans-Gestation Mucous plugs may remain in a female rodent's vagina for up to how long after mating? - Correct Ans-24 hours What breeding method produces animals with minimal genetic variation? - Correct Ans Inbreeding What breeding method produces the maximum amount of genetic differences between animals from the same colony? - Correct Ans-Outbreeding What type of animals result when there have been at least 20 generations of brother and sister matings? - Correct Ans-An inbred strain Which of the following is TRUE about inbred strains of mice? A. Pups may need extra time with their mothers before weaning B. They tend to be more vigorous and better breeders LATG LATG C. They are usually white in color D. They rarely cannibalize their young - Correct Ans-A Under which mating system is it difficult to determine which dam gave birth to specific pups? - Correct Ans-Harem mating Which species are brought together only for mating and separated immediately after mating takes place? - Correct Ans-Hamsters and rabbits When breeding mice, breeding records are nice to have but not essential, true or false? - Correct Ans-False What breeding scheme results in the largest number of offspring from the least number of breeding animals? - Correct Ans-Polygamous mating What is dystocia? - Correct Ans-Difficult birth What would be a good husbandry practice with rodent dams or rabbit does with a first litter? - Correct Ans-Delay cage changes and other husbandry tasks for a few days Which of the following describes a harem mating system? - Correct Ans-One male is housed with two or more females and the group is kept together after mating Which is the appropriate description of barbering in mice? - Correct Ans-A dominant mouse chewing the fur off a subordinate mouse Which of the following is a black inbred mouse strain? A. BALB/s B. Swiss Webster C. C57BL/6 D. ICR - Correct Ans-C Which of the following is an albino inbred mouse strain? A. C57BL/6 B. FVB C. CD-1 D. ICR - Correct Ans-B What is the best description of a mouse outbred stock? - Correct Ans-A line of mice that have ben produced by mating unrelated animals in a closed colony Which would be an advantage of using inbred strains of mice? - Correct Ans-They are nearly genetically identical LATG LATG What is the average weight of a newborn mouse? - Correct Ans-1-1.5g What is the term for the condition that results when a mouse's incisors do not align properly and become overly long? - Correct Ans-Malocclusion You should be sure to change a mouse's cage if the dam has just given birth, true or false? - Correct Ans-False Which of the following is NOT a sign that a mouse might be sick? A. Sleeping during the daytime B. Ruffled fur C. Hunched posture D. Red stains around the eyes or nose - Correct Ans-A Decapitation is the most common method of euthanizing mice, true or false? - Correct Ans-False When mice are said to be nocturnal, what does this mean about their activity? - Correct Ans-They are active during the night What is the scientific name for the common laboratory mouse - Correct Ans-Mus musculus What is the term for offspring form 2 different inbred strains of mice? - Correct Ans Hybrid What is the average weight range of adult female mice? - Correct Ans-18-35g How often do female mice go into estrus? - Correct Ans-Every 4-5 days What is postpartum estrus in mice? - Correct Ans-The female goes into estrus within 14-28 hours of giving birth What is a good indication of a healthy newborn mouse? - Correct Ans-A milk spot What is good practice to prevent fighting in group housed male mice? - Correct Ans House young male mice together from weaning What is a common name for the Long-Evans rat? - Correct Ans-Hooded rat Which is an inbred strain of rats? A. Long-Evans B. Wistar LATG LATG C. Lewis D. Sprague-Dawley - Correct Ans-C What method of rat restraint is appropriate for brief handling? - Correct Ans-Pick up the rat by the base of the tail What is the length of gestation period for the rat? - Correct Ans-21-23 days What is generally required to prevent group housed male rats from fighting? - Correct Ans-Nothing since they usually do not fight What is the best treatment for a rat with incisors that have failed to wear down normally? - Correct Ans-Clip the teeth As with mice, what substance is found in the tears and saliva of rats that causes a red staining around the eyes? - Correct Ans-Porphyrin Like mice, rats tend to bite their handlers and can be aggressive, true or false? - Correct Ans-False Which diseases do rate naturally develop, making them good animal models to study these diseases? - Correct Ans-Diabetes and hypertension Rats may have a vaginal plug after mating, true or false? - Correct Ans-True Which identification method is NOT commonly used for rats? - Correct Ans-Collar with tag Which of the following statements about rat husbandry is TRUE? A. Rats are usually fed water ad libitum B. Rats do not produce much urine, so their cages do not have to be changes as often as mouse cages C. The same size caging can be used for rats as for mice D. Rats require a different type of pelleted feed than that used in mice - Correct Ans-B Which method of euthanasia should NOT be performed on large adult rats? - Correct Ans-Cervical dislocation