RVT ARDMS FINAL EXAM 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Renal artery stenosis is greater than 60% when the PSV is greater than? - ✔✔1.8
m/s
✔✔Amount of blood flow depends on what? - ✔✔Energy difference and resistance
✔✔cardiac output depends on what? - ✔✔venous return
✔✔Blood leaves the heart at what mean of pressure? - ✔✔85-95mmHg
✔✔Small arteries and arterioles are considered what? and what is their means of
pressure? - ✔✔resistance vessels and 25-30 mmHg
✔✔Blood moves from high pressure to where? - ✔✔low pressure
✔✔What is phasic defined as? - ✔✔variation in velocity in the venous circulation due to
respiration
✔✔What is pulsatile flow? - ✔✔variable velocity due to cardiac contractions
✔✔The total energy contained in moving fluid is the sum of? - ✔✔Pressure, motion and
gravitational energy (Hydrostatic pressure)
✔✔When a patient is laying supine, the arteries and veins have the same pressure as
the heart. When the patient stands, about how much HP (hydrostatic pressure) is added
to the ankles? - ✔✔100 mm/Hg
✔✔What are the 3 main forms of energy loss? - ✔✔Friction, viscosity and inertia and
momentum
✔✔Energy is lost in what form? - ✔✔heat
✔✔What is viscosity? - ✔✔thickness
✔✔What does inertia mean? - ✔✔resistance to change in motion
✔✔What is the boundary layer? - ✔✔Layer of fluid along the vessel wall
✔✔What are the 2 types of laminar flow? - ✔✔Plug flow and parabolic flow
✔✔What is plug flow? - ✔✔all layers and blood cells travel at the same velocity
, ✔✔what is parabolic flow? - ✔✔Laminar flow with a profile shape of a bullet; middle
layers of blood travel faster than the layers at the sides of vessels
✔✔Where is plug flow found? - ✔✔transitions in vessel size, branches and bifiurcations
✔✔What happens when the inertia and momentum separates from the boundary layer?
- ✔✔Eddie currents become visible
✔✔Is disturbed flow associated with disease? - ✔✔possibly. not always
✔✔What does Reynolds number predict? - ✔✔Whether blood flow will be turbulent
(disturbed) or laminar (stable)
✔✔What Reynolds number would indicate turbulent flow? - ✔✔greater than 2000
✔✔What Reynolds number would indicate laminar flow? - ✔✔less than 1500
✔✔What is resistance directly proportionate to? - ✔✔viscosity (n) and Length (l)
✔✔What is the formula for Reynolds number? - ✔✔R = 8nL/pie R4
✔✔What is resistance inversely proportionate to? - ✔✔vessel radius (r)
✔✔What does Poisuilles law describe? - ✔✔relationship between pressure, flow and
resistance to flow
✔✔What is the formula for Poisuille's law? - ✔✔Q(flow) =l (P1-P2) pie r4/8nl
✔✔What is the most important physical characteristic of a vessel? - ✔✔its radius
✔✔What is early systole? - ✔✔cardiac contraction
aortic valve opens
high velocity ejection of blood
The rise on the PW doppler
✔✔What is Late systole/early diastole? - ✔✔rapid deceleration
aortic valve closes
"dicrotic notch" represents aortic valve closure
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Renal artery stenosis is greater than 60% when the PSV is greater than? - ✔✔1.8
m/s
✔✔Amount of blood flow depends on what? - ✔✔Energy difference and resistance
✔✔cardiac output depends on what? - ✔✔venous return
✔✔Blood leaves the heart at what mean of pressure? - ✔✔85-95mmHg
✔✔Small arteries and arterioles are considered what? and what is their means of
pressure? - ✔✔resistance vessels and 25-30 mmHg
✔✔Blood moves from high pressure to where? - ✔✔low pressure
✔✔What is phasic defined as? - ✔✔variation in velocity in the venous circulation due to
respiration
✔✔What is pulsatile flow? - ✔✔variable velocity due to cardiac contractions
✔✔The total energy contained in moving fluid is the sum of? - ✔✔Pressure, motion and
gravitational energy (Hydrostatic pressure)
✔✔When a patient is laying supine, the arteries and veins have the same pressure as
the heart. When the patient stands, about how much HP (hydrostatic pressure) is added
to the ankles? - ✔✔100 mm/Hg
✔✔What are the 3 main forms of energy loss? - ✔✔Friction, viscosity and inertia and
momentum
✔✔Energy is lost in what form? - ✔✔heat
✔✔What is viscosity? - ✔✔thickness
✔✔What does inertia mean? - ✔✔resistance to change in motion
✔✔What is the boundary layer? - ✔✔Layer of fluid along the vessel wall
✔✔What are the 2 types of laminar flow? - ✔✔Plug flow and parabolic flow
✔✔What is plug flow? - ✔✔all layers and blood cells travel at the same velocity
, ✔✔what is parabolic flow? - ✔✔Laminar flow with a profile shape of a bullet; middle
layers of blood travel faster than the layers at the sides of vessels
✔✔Where is plug flow found? - ✔✔transitions in vessel size, branches and bifiurcations
✔✔What happens when the inertia and momentum separates from the boundary layer?
- ✔✔Eddie currents become visible
✔✔Is disturbed flow associated with disease? - ✔✔possibly. not always
✔✔What does Reynolds number predict? - ✔✔Whether blood flow will be turbulent
(disturbed) or laminar (stable)
✔✔What Reynolds number would indicate turbulent flow? - ✔✔greater than 2000
✔✔What Reynolds number would indicate laminar flow? - ✔✔less than 1500
✔✔What is resistance directly proportionate to? - ✔✔viscosity (n) and Length (l)
✔✔What is the formula for Reynolds number? - ✔✔R = 8nL/pie R4
✔✔What is resistance inversely proportionate to? - ✔✔vessel radius (r)
✔✔What does Poisuilles law describe? - ✔✔relationship between pressure, flow and
resistance to flow
✔✔What is the formula for Poisuille's law? - ✔✔Q(flow) =l (P1-P2) pie r4/8nl
✔✔What is the most important physical characteristic of a vessel? - ✔✔its radius
✔✔What is early systole? - ✔✔cardiac contraction
aortic valve opens
high velocity ejection of blood
The rise on the PW doppler
✔✔What is Late systole/early diastole? - ✔✔rapid deceleration
aortic valve closes
"dicrotic notch" represents aortic valve closure
