COMPREHENSIVE NURSING
PHARMACOLOGY ACTUAL PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ What does the Clinical Judgment Management Model (CJMM)
ensure? Answer: Safe administration of medications.
◉ What are the 'Six Rights' of medication administration? Answer:
Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, right
documentation.
◉ What does pharmacokinetics study? Answer: What the body does to
the drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
(ADME).
◉ What is the fastest route of drug absorption? Answer: Intravenous
(IV) administration.
◉ What is the First-Pass Effect? Answer: Oral drugs are metabolized by
the liver before reaching systemic circulation, reducing bioavailability.
◉ What is pharmacodynamics? Answer: What the drug does to the
body, including its mechanism of action.
,◉ What is an agonist? Answer: A drug that binds to a receptor and
produces a response.
◉ What is an antagonist? Answer: A drug that binds to a receptor and
blocks a response.
◉ What is the Therapeutic Index (TI)? Answer: The ratio between the
toxic and effective dose of a drug.
◉ What is a narrow Therapeutic Index? Answer: A small difference
between safe and toxic doses, requiring frequent blood level monitoring.
◉ What is the chemical name of a drug? Answer: The scientific
structure of the drug.
◉ What is the generic name of a drug? Answer: The official name of the
drug, written in lower case.
◉ What is a trade/brand name? Answer: The marketing name of a drug,
capitalized.
◉ What are Schedule I controlled substances? Answer: Drugs with high
abuse potential and no accepted medical use (e.g., Heroin, LSD).
,◉ What are Schedule II controlled substances? Answer: Drugs with high
abuse potential that are allowed for medical use but have strict
regulations (e.g., Morphine, Oxycodone).
◉ What is medication reconciliation? Answer: The process of
comparing a patient's current medications with new orders to prevent
errors.
◉ What are high-alert medications? Answer: Drugs with a high risk of
causing harm if used incorrectly (e.g., Insulin, Heparin).
◉ What is the difference between hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia?
Answer: Hypoglycemia is low blood sugar (<70 mg/dL), while
hyperglycemia is high blood sugar (>180 mg/dL).
◉ What is the treatment for conscious hypoglycemia? Answer: 15g of
fast-acting carbohydrates (e.g., 4oz juice, glucose tabs).
◉ What is the first-line drug for Type 2 Diabetes? Answer: Metformin.
◉ What is a common side effect of Metformin? Answer: GI upset,
including diarrhea and nausea.
◉ What is the onset time for Rapid-Acting insulin? Answer: 10-15
minutes.
, ◉ What is the peak time for Short-Acting insulin? Answer: 2-4 hours.
◉ What is the duration of Long-Acting insulin? Answer: Up to 24 hours.
◉ What should you do before administering insulin? Answer: Check the
patient's blood glucose level.
◉ What is the mnemonic for insulin mixing? Answer: 'RN' = Regular
before NPH; 'Clear before Cloudy'.
◉ What is the rule for geriatric dosing? Answer: 'Start low and go slow'
due to decreased liver and kidney function.
◉ What is the primary action of Metformin? Answer: It decreases
glucose production in the liver and increases insulin sensitivity in
muscles.
◉ What should be done before administering contrast dye to a patient on
Metformin? Answer: Hold Metformin 48 hours before and after contrast
administration to prevent lactic acidosis.
◉ What are common side effects of Metformin? Answer: GI upset,
metallic taste, and lactic acidosis (rare but life-threatening).
◉ What is the mechanism of action of Sulfonylureas? Answer: They
stimulate the pancreas beta cells to release more insulin.
PHARMACOLOGY ACTUAL PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ What does the Clinical Judgment Management Model (CJMM)
ensure? Answer: Safe administration of medications.
◉ What are the 'Six Rights' of medication administration? Answer:
Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, right
documentation.
◉ What does pharmacokinetics study? Answer: What the body does to
the drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
(ADME).
◉ What is the fastest route of drug absorption? Answer: Intravenous
(IV) administration.
◉ What is the First-Pass Effect? Answer: Oral drugs are metabolized by
the liver before reaching systemic circulation, reducing bioavailability.
◉ What is pharmacodynamics? Answer: What the drug does to the
body, including its mechanism of action.
,◉ What is an agonist? Answer: A drug that binds to a receptor and
produces a response.
◉ What is an antagonist? Answer: A drug that binds to a receptor and
blocks a response.
◉ What is the Therapeutic Index (TI)? Answer: The ratio between the
toxic and effective dose of a drug.
◉ What is a narrow Therapeutic Index? Answer: A small difference
between safe and toxic doses, requiring frequent blood level monitoring.
◉ What is the chemical name of a drug? Answer: The scientific
structure of the drug.
◉ What is the generic name of a drug? Answer: The official name of the
drug, written in lower case.
◉ What is a trade/brand name? Answer: The marketing name of a drug,
capitalized.
◉ What are Schedule I controlled substances? Answer: Drugs with high
abuse potential and no accepted medical use (e.g., Heroin, LSD).
,◉ What are Schedule II controlled substances? Answer: Drugs with high
abuse potential that are allowed for medical use but have strict
regulations (e.g., Morphine, Oxycodone).
◉ What is medication reconciliation? Answer: The process of
comparing a patient's current medications with new orders to prevent
errors.
◉ What are high-alert medications? Answer: Drugs with a high risk of
causing harm if used incorrectly (e.g., Insulin, Heparin).
◉ What is the difference between hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia?
Answer: Hypoglycemia is low blood sugar (<70 mg/dL), while
hyperglycemia is high blood sugar (>180 mg/dL).
◉ What is the treatment for conscious hypoglycemia? Answer: 15g of
fast-acting carbohydrates (e.g., 4oz juice, glucose tabs).
◉ What is the first-line drug for Type 2 Diabetes? Answer: Metformin.
◉ What is a common side effect of Metformin? Answer: GI upset,
including diarrhea and nausea.
◉ What is the onset time for Rapid-Acting insulin? Answer: 10-15
minutes.
, ◉ What is the peak time for Short-Acting insulin? Answer: 2-4 hours.
◉ What is the duration of Long-Acting insulin? Answer: Up to 24 hours.
◉ What should you do before administering insulin? Answer: Check the
patient's blood glucose level.
◉ What is the mnemonic for insulin mixing? Answer: 'RN' = Regular
before NPH; 'Clear before Cloudy'.
◉ What is the rule for geriatric dosing? Answer: 'Start low and go slow'
due to decreased liver and kidney function.
◉ What is the primary action of Metformin? Answer: It decreases
glucose production in the liver and increases insulin sensitivity in
muscles.
◉ What should be done before administering contrast dye to a patient on
Metformin? Answer: Hold Metformin 48 hours before and after contrast
administration to prevent lactic acidosis.
◉ What are common side effects of Metformin? Answer: GI upset,
metallic taste, and lactic acidosis (rare but life-threatening).
◉ What is the mechanism of action of Sulfonylureas? Answer: They
stimulate the pancreas beta cells to release more insulin.
