ROACHS INTRODUCTORY CLINICAL
PHARMACOLOGY FINAL PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Adverse Reaction. Answer: Undesirable drug effect
◉ Allergic reaction. Answer: Immediate hypersensitivity reaction
w/symptoms; it presents as itching hives swelling & difficulty
breathing
◉ Anaphylactic shock. Answer: sudden, severe hypersensitivity
reaction w/symptoms that progress rapidly and may result in death
if not treated;
◉ Angioedma. Answer: localized wheals or swellings in
subcutaneous tissue or mucous membranes, which may be due to an
allergic response.
◉ Controlled substances. Answer: Drugs that have the potential for
abuse and dependency, both physically and psychological
◉ cumulative drug effect. Answer: When the body is unable to
metabolize & excrete one dose of a drug before the next is given
,◉ Distribution. Answer: drug moves from circulation to body tissue
or a target site.
◉ Drug idiosyncrasy. Answer: Any unusual or abnormal response
the differs from the response normally expected to a specific drug
and dosage.
◉ Drug tolerance. Answer: decreased response to a drug, requiring
an increase in dosage to achieve the desire effect
◉ Excretion. Answer: elimination of a drug from the body
◉ First-pass effect. Answer: action by which an oral drug is
absorbed and carried directly to the liver, where it is inactived by
enzymes before it enters the general blood stream.
◉ Half-life. Answer: time required for the body to eliminate 50% of a
drug
◉ Herbal medicine. Answer: type of complementary/alternative
therapy that uses plants or herbs to treat various disorders
, ◉ Hypersensitivity. Answer: undesirable reaction produced by a
normal immune system
◉ Metabolism. Answer: drug is changed to a form that can be
excreted
◉ Metabolite. Answer: inactive form of the original drug
◉ nonprescription drugs. Answer: drugs that are designated by the
U.S. Food and Drug administration (FDA) to be safe (if taken as
directed) and obtained w/o a prescription
◉ Pharmaceutic. Answer: Pertaining to the phase during which a
drug dissolves in the body
◉ Pharmacodtnamics. Answer: Study of the drug mechanisms that
produce biochemical or physiologic changes in the body
◉ Pharmacokinetics. Answer: Study of the drug transit or activity
after administration
◉ Physical dependency. Answer: habitual use of a drug where
negative physical withdraw symptoms result from the abrupt
discontinuation.
PHARMACOLOGY FINAL PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Adverse Reaction. Answer: Undesirable drug effect
◉ Allergic reaction. Answer: Immediate hypersensitivity reaction
w/symptoms; it presents as itching hives swelling & difficulty
breathing
◉ Anaphylactic shock. Answer: sudden, severe hypersensitivity
reaction w/symptoms that progress rapidly and may result in death
if not treated;
◉ Angioedma. Answer: localized wheals or swellings in
subcutaneous tissue or mucous membranes, which may be due to an
allergic response.
◉ Controlled substances. Answer: Drugs that have the potential for
abuse and dependency, both physically and psychological
◉ cumulative drug effect. Answer: When the body is unable to
metabolize & excrete one dose of a drug before the next is given
,◉ Distribution. Answer: drug moves from circulation to body tissue
or a target site.
◉ Drug idiosyncrasy. Answer: Any unusual or abnormal response
the differs from the response normally expected to a specific drug
and dosage.
◉ Drug tolerance. Answer: decreased response to a drug, requiring
an increase in dosage to achieve the desire effect
◉ Excretion. Answer: elimination of a drug from the body
◉ First-pass effect. Answer: action by which an oral drug is
absorbed and carried directly to the liver, where it is inactived by
enzymes before it enters the general blood stream.
◉ Half-life. Answer: time required for the body to eliminate 50% of a
drug
◉ Herbal medicine. Answer: type of complementary/alternative
therapy that uses plants or herbs to treat various disorders
, ◉ Hypersensitivity. Answer: undesirable reaction produced by a
normal immune system
◉ Metabolism. Answer: drug is changed to a form that can be
excreted
◉ Metabolite. Answer: inactive form of the original drug
◉ nonprescription drugs. Answer: drugs that are designated by the
U.S. Food and Drug administration (FDA) to be safe (if taken as
directed) and obtained w/o a prescription
◉ Pharmaceutic. Answer: Pertaining to the phase during which a
drug dissolves in the body
◉ Pharmacodtnamics. Answer: Study of the drug mechanisms that
produce biochemical or physiologic changes in the body
◉ Pharmacokinetics. Answer: Study of the drug transit or activity
after administration
◉ Physical dependency. Answer: habitual use of a drug where
negative physical withdraw symptoms result from the abrupt
discontinuation.
