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Building wealth through Smart thinking

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Institution Psychology - Research Methos
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1.Money decisions are emotional not purely logical 2.Your personal story shapes you financial behavior 3.Wealth and money are purely invisible 4.Risk and luck play a bigger role than we admit 5.Reasonable beats rational

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,RANDOM HOUSE | NEW YORK

,
, Copyright © 2006, 2016 by Carol S. Dweck, Ph.D.
All rights reserved.
Published in the United States by Random House, an imprint and division of Penguin
Random House LLC, New York.
RANDOM HOUSE and the HOUSE colophon are registered trademarks of Penguin
Random House LLC.
Grateful acknowledgment is made to Jeremy P. Tarcher, an imprint of Penguin Random
House LLC, for permission to reprint four illustrations from pp. 18–19 of The New
Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain Workbook by Betty Edwards, copyright © 2003.
Reprinted by permission of Jeremy P. Tarcher, an imprint of Penguin Random House
LLC.
Originally published in a slightly different form in 2006 by Random House, an imprint
and division of Penguin Random House LLC.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Dweck, Carol S.
Mindset: the new psychology of success / Carol S. Dweck
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-1-4000-6275-1
eBook ISBN 978-1-588-36523-1
Belief and doubt. 2. Success—Psychological aspects. I. Title.
BF773.D85 2006
153.8—dc22 2005046454

Ebook ISBN 9781588365231
randomhousebooks.com
UPDATED EDITION
Cover design: Richard Rossiter

v4.1
ep

Table of contents

  1. 01 Copyright 4
  2. 02 Contents 5
  3. 03 Introduction 6
  4. 04 Chapter 1: The Mindsets 9
    1. Why Do People Differ? 10
    2. What Does All This Mean for You? The Two Mindsets 11
    3. A View From the Two Mindsets 13
    4. So, What’s New? 15
    5. Self-Insight: Who Has Accurate Views of Their Assets and Limitations? 17
    6. What’s in Store 18
    7. GROW YOUR MINDSET 18
  5. 05 Chapter 2: Inside the Mindsets 21
    1. Is Success About Learning—or Proving You’re Smart? 22
    2. Beyond Puzzles 23
    3. Brain Waves Tell the Story 24
    4. What’s Your Priority? 24
    5. CEO Disease 26
    6. Stretching 27
    7. Stretching Beyond the Possible 28
    8. Thriving on the Sure Thing 28
    9. When Do You Feel Smart: When You’re Flawless or When You’re Learning? 30
    10. If You Have Ability, Why Should You Need Learning? 31
    11. A Test Score Is Forever 32
    12. Another Look at Potential 33
    13. Proving You’re Special 35
    14. Special, Superior, Entitled 37
    15. Mindsets Change the Meaning of Failure 38
    16. Defining Moments 39
    17. My Success Is Your Failure 41
    18. Shirk, Cheat, Blame: Not a Recipe for Success 41
    19. Mindset and Depression 43
    20. Mindsets Change the Meaning of Effort 46
    21. Seabiscuit 48
    22. High Effort: The Big Risk 48
    23. Low Effort: The Big Risk 50
    24. Turning Knowledge into Action 51
    25. Questions and Answers 51
    26. GROW YOUR MINDSET 60
  6. 06 Chapter 3: The Truth About Ability and Accomplishment 62
    1. Mindset and School Achievement 63
    2. The Low-Effort Syndrome 65
    3. Finding Your Brain 66
    4. The College Transition 67
    5. Created Equal? 69
    6. Can Everyone Do Well? 70
    7. Marva Collins 71
    8. Ability Levels and Tracking 73
    9. Summary 74
    10. Is Artistic Ability a Gift? 74
    11. Jackson Pollock 77
    12. The Danger of Praise and Positive Labels 78
    13. Negative Labels and How They Work 82
    14. Do I Belong Here? 84
    15. Trusting People’s Opinions 85
    16. When Things Go Right 87
    17. GROW YOUR MINDSET 88
  7. 07 Chapter 4: Sports: The Mindset of a Champion 90
    1. The Idea of the Natural 91
    2. Now You See It, Now You Don’t 91
    3. Michael Jordan 93
    4. The Babe 94
    5. The Fastest Women on Earth 95
    6. Naturals Shouldn’t Need Effort 97
    7. Sports IQ 98
    8. “Character” 99
    9. More About Character 102
    10. Character, Heart, Will, and the Mind of a Champion 103
    11. Staying on Top 106
    12. What Is Success? 106
    13. What Is Failure? 108
    14. Taking Charge of Success 109
    15. What Does It Mean to Be a Star? 111
    16. Every Sport Is a Team Sport 113
    17. Hearing the Mindsets 113
    18. GROW YOUR MINDSET 116
  8. 08 Chapter 5: Business: Mindset and Leadership 117
    1. Enron and the Talent Mindset 117
    2. Organizations That Grow 118
    3. A Study of Mindset and Management Decisions 120
    4. Leadership and the Fixed Mindset 121
    5. CEOs and the Big Ego 122
    6. Fixed-Mindset Leaders in Action 123
    7. Iacocca: I’m a Hero 123
    8. Albert Dunlap: I’m a Superstar 126
    9. The Smartest Guys in the Room 128
    10. Two Geniuses Collide 130
    11. Invulnerable, Invincible, and Entitled 131
    12. Brutal Bosses 132
    13. Growth-Mindset Leaders in Action 134
    14. Jack: Listening, Crediting, Nurturing 135
    15. Lou: Rooting Out the Fixed Mindset 138
    16. Anne: Learning, Toughness, and Compassion 140
    17. Are CEO and Male Synonymous? 142
    18. A Study of Group Processes 143
    19. Groupthink Versus We Think 144
    20. The Praised Generation Hits the Workforce 146
    21. Are Negotiators Born or Made? 147
    22. Corporate Training: Are Managers Born or Made? 149
    23. Are Leaders Born or Made? 151
    24. Organizational Mindsets 152
    25. GROW YOUR MINDSET 155
  9. 09 Chapter 6: Relationships: Mindsets in Love (Or Not) 157
    1. Relationships Are Different 160
    2. Mindsets Falling in Love 161
    3. 1. If You Have to Work at It, It Wasn’t Meant to Be 161
    4. Mind Reading 163
    5. Agreeing on Everything 163
    6. 2. Problems Indicate Character Flaws 165
    7. Each One a Loser 166
    8. The Flaws Fly 167
    9. Can This Marriage Be Saved? 169
    10. The Partner as Enemy 170
    11. Competition: Who’s the Greatest? 172
    12. Developing in Relationships 173
    13. Friendship 174
    14. Shyness 176
    15. Bullies and Victims: Revenge Revisited 179
    16. Who Are the Bullies? 179
    17. Victims and Revenge 180
    18. What Can Be Done? 183
    19. GROW YOUR MINDSET 185
  10. 10 Chapter 7: Parents, Teachers, and Coaches: Where Do Mindsets Come from? 187
    1. Parents (And Teachers): Messages About Success and Failure 188
    2. Messages About Success 188
    3. Sending Messages About Process and Growth 191
    4. Reassuring Children 193
    5. Messages About Failure 194
    6. Constructive Criticism: More About Failure Messages 197
    7. Children Learn the Messages 198
    8. Children Pass on the Messages 200
    9. Isn’t Discipline Teaching? 202
    10. Mindsets Can Be a Life-And-Death Matter 202
    11. Wanting the Best in the Worst Way 203
    12. “we Love You—on Our Terms” 204
    13. Ideals 206
    14. Teachers (And Parents): What Makes a Great Teacher (Or Parent)? 207
    15. Great Teachers 209
    16. High Standards and a Nurturing Atmosphere 211
    17. More on High Standards and a Nurturing Atmosphere 212
    18. Hard Work and More Hard Work 213
    19. Students Who Don’t Care 215
    20. Growth-Minded Teachers: Who Are These People? 216
    21. Coaches: Winning Through Mindset 217
    22. The Fixed-Mindset Coach in Action 217
    23. The Holy Grail: No Mistakes 219
    24. The Growth-Mindset Coach in Action 221
    25. A Coach for All Seasons 221
    26. The Holy Grail: Full Preparation and Full Effort 222
    27. Equal Treatment 222
    28. Preparing Players for Life 223
    29. Which Is the Enemy: Success or Failure? 225
    30. False Growth Mindset 226
    31. What a Growth Mindset Is and Is Not 227
    32. How Do You Get a (True) Growth Mindset? 229
    33. How Do You Pass a Growth Mindset On? 230
    34. Our Legacy 233
    35. GROW YOUR MINDSET 233
  11. 11 Chapter 8: Changing Mindsets 236
    1. The Nature of Change 236
    2. Beliefs Are the Key to Happiness (and to Misery) 237
    3. Mindsets Go Further 238
    4. The Mindset Lectures 239
    5. A Mindset Workshop 241
    6. Brainology 245
    7. More About Change 247
    8. Opening Yourself Up to Growth 249
    9. The First Dilemma. Imagine you’ve applied to graduate school. You applied to just one place because it was the school you had your heart set on. And you were confident you’d be accepted since many people considered your work in your field to be original and exciting. But you were rejected. 250
    10. The Fixed-Mindset Reaction. At first you tell yourself that it was extremely competitive, so it doesn’t really reflect on you. They probably had more first-rate applicants than they could accept. Then the voice in your head starts in. It tells you that you’re fooling yourself, rationalizing. It tells you that the admissions committee found your work mediocre. After a while, you tell yourself it’s probably true. The work is probably ordinary, pedestrian, and they’d seen that. They were experts. The verdict is in and you’re not worthy. 250
    11. The Growth-Mindset Step. Think about your goal and think about what you could do to stay on track toward achieving it. What steps could you take to help yourself succeed? What information could you gather? 250
    12. Plans That You’ll Carry Out and Ones That You Won’t 251
    13. Feeling Bad, But Doing Good 252
    14. The Number One Draft Choice 252
    15. The Second Dilemma. The pressure is overwhelming. You yearn for playing time in the games, but every time they put you in a game to try you out, you turn anxious and lose your focus. You were always cool under pressure, but this is the pros. Now all you see are giant guys coming toward you—twelve hundred pounds of giant guys who want to take you apart. Giant guys who move faster than you ever thought possible. You feel cornered…helpless. 253
    16. The Fixed-Mindset Reaction. You torture yourself with the idea that a quarterback is a leader and you’re no leader. How could you ever inspire the confidence of your teammates when you can’t get your act together to throw a good pass or scramble for a few yards? To make things worse, the sportscasters keep asking, What happened to the boy wonder? 253
    17. The Growth-Mindset Step. In the growth mindset, you tell yourself that the switch to the professionals is a huge step, one that takes a lot of adjustment and a lot of learning. There are many things you couldn’t possibly know yet and that you’d better start finding out about. 253
    18. People Who Don’t Want to Change 254
    19. Entitlement: The World Owes You 254
    20. The Next Dilemma. “Here I am,” you think, “in this low-level job. It’s demeaning. With my talent I shouldn’t have to work like this. I should be up there with the big boys, enjoying the good life.” Your boss thinks you have a bad attitude. When she needs someone to take on more responsibilities, she doesn’t turn to you. When it’s time to give out promotions, she doesn’t include you. 254
    21. The Fixed-Mindset Reaction. “She’s threatened by me,” you say bitterly. Your fixed mindset is telling you that, because of who you are, you should automatically be thrust into the upper levels of the business. In your mind, people should see your talents and reward you. When they don’t, it’s not fair. Why should you change? You just want your due. 254
    22. The Growth-Mindset Step. But first, let’s be clear. For a long time, it’s frightening to think of giving up the idea of being superior. An ordinary, run-of-the-mill human being isn’t what you want to be. How could you feel good about yourself if you’re no more valuable than the people you look down on? 255
    23. Denial: My Life Is Perfect 256
    24. The Dilemma. You seem to have everything. You have a fulfilling career, a loving marriage, wonderful children, and devoted friends. But one of those things isn’t true. Unbeknownst to you, your marriage is ending. It’s not that there haven’t been signs, but you chose to misinterpret them. You were fulfilling your idea of the “man’s role” or the “woman’s role,” and couldn’t hear your partner’s desire for more communication and more sharing of your lives. By the time you wake up and take notice, it’s too late. Your spouse has disengaged emotionally from the relationship. 256
    25. The Fixed-Mindset Reaction. You’ve always felt sorry for divorced people, abandoned people. And now you’re one of them. You lose all sense of worth. Your partner, who knew you intimately, doesn’t want you anymore. 256
    26. The Growth-Mindset Step. First, it’s not that the marriage, which you used to think of as inherently good, suddenly turned out to have been all bad or always bad. It was an evolving thing that had stopped developing for lack of nourishment. You need to think about how both you and your spouse contributed to this, and especially about why you weren’t able to hear the request for greater closeness and sharing. 257
    27. Changing Your Child’s Mindset 257
    28. The Precocious Fixed Mindsetter 258
    29. The Dilemma. Imagine your young son comes home from school one day and says to you, “Some kids are smart and some kids are dumb. They have a worse brain.” You’re appalled. “Who told you that?” you ask him, gearing up to complain to the school. “I figured it out myself,” he says proudly. He saw that some children could read and write their letters and add a lot of numbers, and others couldn’t. He drew his conclusion. And he held fast to it. 258
    30. The Growth-Mindset Step. You decide that, rather than trying to talk him out of the fixed mindset, you have to live the growth mindset. At the dinner table each evening, you and your partner structure the discussion around the growth mindset, asking each child (and each other): “What did you learn today?” “What mistake did you make that taught you something?” “What did you try hard at today?” You go around the table with each question, excitedly discussing your own and one another’s effort, strategies, setbacks, and learning. 259
    31. Effort Gone Awry 260
    32. The Dilemma. You’re proud of your daughter. She’s at the top of her class and bringing home straight A’s. She’s a flute player studying with the best teacher in the country. And you’re confident she’ll get into the top private high school in the city. But every morning before school, she gets an upset stomach, and some days she throws up. You keep feeding her a blander and blander diet to soothe her sensitive stomach, but it doesn’t help. It never occurs to you that she’s a nervous wreck. 260
    33. The Fixed-Mindset Reactions. The counselor tells you to ease up on your daughter: Let her know it’s okay not to work so hard. Make sure she gets more sleep. So you, dutifully following the instructions, make sure she gets to sleep by ten o’clock each night. But this only makes things worse. She now has less time to accomplish all the things that are expected of her. 261
    34. The Growth-Mindset Step. The plan the counselor suggests would allow your daughter to start enjoying the things she does. The flute lessons are put on hold. Your daughter is told she can practice as much or as little as she wants for the pure joy of the music and nothing else. 261
    35. Mindset and Willpower 262
    36. Anger 264
    37. The Dilemma. Imagine you’re a nice, caring person—as you probably are—usually. You love your spouse and feel lucky to have them as your partner. But when they violate one of your rules, like letting the garbage overflow before taking it out, you feel personally betrayed and start criticizing. It begins with “I’ve told you a thousand times,” then moves on to “You never do anything right.” When they still don’t seem properly ashamed, you flare, insulting their intelligence (“Maybe you aren’t smart enough to remember garbage”) and their character (“If you weren’t so irresponsible, you wouldn’t…” “If you cared about anyone but yourself, you’d…”). Seething with rage, you then bring in everything you can think of to support your case: “My father never trusted you, either,” or “Your boss was right when he said you were limited.” Your spouse has to leave the premises to get out of range of your mounting fury. 264
    38. The Fixed-Mindset Reaction. You feel righteous about your anger for a while, but then you realize you’ve gone too far. You suddenly recall all the ways that your spouse is a supportive partner and feel intensely guilty. Then you talk yourself back into the idea that you, too, are a good person, who’s just slipped up—lost it—temporarily. “I’ve really learned my lesson,” you think. “I’ll never do this again.” 264
    39. The Growth Mindset and Self-Control 265
    40. Maintaining Change 266
    41. The Journey to a (True) Growth Mindset 268
    42. The Journey: Step 1 268
    43. The Journey: Step 2 269
    44. The Journey: Step 3 271
    45. The Journey: Step 4 274
    46. Learn and Help Learn 276
    47. The Road Ahead 278
  12. 12 Notes 280
    1. Chapter 1. The Mindsets 281
    2. Chapter 2. Inside the Mindsets 283
    3. Chapter 3. The Truth About Ability and Accomplishment 288
    4. Chapter 4. Sports: The Mindset of a Champion 291
    5. Chapter 5. Business: Mindset and Leadership 296
    6. Chapter 6. Relationships: Mindsets in Love (Or Not) 302
    7. Chapter 7. Parents, Teachers, and Coaches: Where Do Mindsets Come From? 305
    8. Chapter 8. Changing Mindsets 311
  13. 13 Recommended Books 313
  14. 14 What’s Next on Your Reading List? 316
Connected book
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Morgan Housel Psychology Of Money
Publisher: 08 september 2020 ISBN: 9780857197689 Edition: 1

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