MKT 352 Exam 3 Roy Question and
answers 100% correct 2025/2026
What is sampling error? - correct answer ✔Sampling error has to do with either the sample plan, or
size measured by a stanard error formula.
non sampling - correct answer ✔All errors in a survey expect that are due to sample method and
sample size. 1. Non response errors. 2. Data gathering errors 3. data handling errors. 4. data analysis
errors. 5. interpretation errors.
The three field worker errors and controls. - correct answer ✔Intentional which is cheeting and leading.
Controls are supervision and monitoring interviewer.
Unintentional fieldworker. Misunderstandings and fatigue mistakes. Controls are orientations, training
and role playing.
Intentional respondent errors and non intentional respondent errors. - correct answer ✔Intentional
respondent errors include falsehoods and refusals that are controlled by assuring anonymity, promising
confidentiality, offering an incentive, validation checks, and using the "third person" approach when
appropriate. Unintentional respondent errors include misunderstanding, guessing, attention loss,
distractions, and fatigue. Controls for unintentional respondent error include good instructions and
examples, reversals of end points on scales, and the use of "prompters" where fatigue might set it.
non response - correct answer ✔a failure on the part of a prospective respondent to take part in the
survey or to answer specific questions on the questionnaire
3 types of non response found in surveys. - correct answer ✔(1) refusals to participate in the survey,
(2) break-offs during the interview
(3) refusals to answer specific questions.
, Descriptive analysis - correct answer ✔Data reduction. Describe the typical respondent and similarities
in respondents
Inferential analysis - correct answer ✔population parameters, test hypotheses. Estimate population
values.
Differences analysis - correct answer ✔If differences exist between groups. Stat. Sig. in the means of
two groups in a sample.
Associative analysis - correct answer ✔Determine associations. Determine if 2 variables are related in a
systematic way.
Relationship Analysis - correct answer ✔Forecast based. Estimate level of y given the amount of x.
What is a measure of central tendency and what does it describe? - correct answer ✔The term, central
tendency, applies to any statistical measure used that somehow reflects a typical or frequent response.
Three such measures of central tendency are commonly used as data reduction devices. They are the
mode, the median, and the mean.
What is the formula for standard deviation? - correct answer ✔=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))
What is meant by "parameter estimation," and what function does it perform for a researcher? - correct
answer ✔Parameter estimation is used to estimate the population value (parameter) through the use of
confidence intervals. It is the process of using sample information to compute an interval that describes
the range of a parameter such as the population mean (µ) or the population percentage (Π).
Steps in Statistical Hypothesis - correct answer ✔Step 1. Begin with a statement about what you
believe exists in population (Mean or percentage)
Step 2. Draw a random sample and determine sample statistics.
Step 3. Compare statistic to hypothesized parameter.
answers 100% correct 2025/2026
What is sampling error? - correct answer ✔Sampling error has to do with either the sample plan, or
size measured by a stanard error formula.
non sampling - correct answer ✔All errors in a survey expect that are due to sample method and
sample size. 1. Non response errors. 2. Data gathering errors 3. data handling errors. 4. data analysis
errors. 5. interpretation errors.
The three field worker errors and controls. - correct answer ✔Intentional which is cheeting and leading.
Controls are supervision and monitoring interviewer.
Unintentional fieldworker. Misunderstandings and fatigue mistakes. Controls are orientations, training
and role playing.
Intentional respondent errors and non intentional respondent errors. - correct answer ✔Intentional
respondent errors include falsehoods and refusals that are controlled by assuring anonymity, promising
confidentiality, offering an incentive, validation checks, and using the "third person" approach when
appropriate. Unintentional respondent errors include misunderstanding, guessing, attention loss,
distractions, and fatigue. Controls for unintentional respondent error include good instructions and
examples, reversals of end points on scales, and the use of "prompters" where fatigue might set it.
non response - correct answer ✔a failure on the part of a prospective respondent to take part in the
survey or to answer specific questions on the questionnaire
3 types of non response found in surveys. - correct answer ✔(1) refusals to participate in the survey,
(2) break-offs during the interview
(3) refusals to answer specific questions.
, Descriptive analysis - correct answer ✔Data reduction. Describe the typical respondent and similarities
in respondents
Inferential analysis - correct answer ✔population parameters, test hypotheses. Estimate population
values.
Differences analysis - correct answer ✔If differences exist between groups. Stat. Sig. in the means of
two groups in a sample.
Associative analysis - correct answer ✔Determine associations. Determine if 2 variables are related in a
systematic way.
Relationship Analysis - correct answer ✔Forecast based. Estimate level of y given the amount of x.
What is a measure of central tendency and what does it describe? - correct answer ✔The term, central
tendency, applies to any statistical measure used that somehow reflects a typical or frequent response.
Three such measures of central tendency are commonly used as data reduction devices. They are the
mode, the median, and the mean.
What is the formula for standard deviation? - correct answer ✔=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))
What is meant by "parameter estimation," and what function does it perform for a researcher? - correct
answer ✔Parameter estimation is used to estimate the population value (parameter) through the use of
confidence intervals. It is the process of using sample information to compute an interval that describes
the range of a parameter such as the population mean (µ) or the population percentage (Π).
Steps in Statistical Hypothesis - correct answer ✔Step 1. Begin with a statement about what you
believe exists in population (Mean or percentage)
Step 2. Draw a random sample and determine sample statistics.
Step 3. Compare statistic to hypothesized parameter.
