9990_s25_qp_11.pdf 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf
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Cambridge International AS & A Level
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PSYCHOLOGY 9990/11
Paper 1 Approaches, Issues and Debates May/June 2025
1 hour 30 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (KS) 341754/1
© UCLES 2025 [Turn over
9990_s25_qp_11.pdf 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf
, 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf
* 0000800000002 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
2
, ,
Section A
Answer all questions.
1 From the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning):
(a) State the number of elephants that successfully passed the trunk‑wash test.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
(b) (i) Identify the primary reinforcer used in this study.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Identify the secondary reinforcer used in this study.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Outline the trained behaviour of ‘steady’ as used in this study.
...................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
2 In the study by Perry et al. (personal space), in Experiment 1 each participant took a computerised
test of comfortable interpersonal distance.
(a) Outline the two possible ways that this computerised test could end for a participant.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Explain one weakness of this study in relation to ethics.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
ĬÕú¾Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÞù·þ×
© UCLES 2025 ĬèĒùÓģĤěÓòüðăßçºñĂ 9990/11/M/J/25
ĥÕõÕõĕÅĕąĕåąÅµÅĕĥÕ
9990_s25_qp_11.pdf 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf
* 0000800000001 *
, ,
Cambridge International AS & A Level
¬Wz> 4mHuOªE_{5W
¬hzR§¨ml~;Uy
¥ ¥U5u u5UuEEueUEU
* 7 0 5 7 7 3 6 9 8 3 *
PSYCHOLOGY 9990/11
Paper 1 Approaches, Issues and Debates May/June 2025
1 hour 30 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (KS) 341754/1
© UCLES 2025 [Turn over
9990_s25_qp_11.pdf 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf
, 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf
* 0000800000002 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
2
, ,
Section A
Answer all questions.
1 From the study by Fagen et al. (elephant learning):
(a) State the number of elephants that successfully passed the trunk‑wash test.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
(b) (i) Identify the primary reinforcer used in this study.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Identify the secondary reinforcer used in this study.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Outline the trained behaviour of ‘steady’ as used in this study.
...................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
2 In the study by Perry et al. (personal space), in Experiment 1 each participant took a computerised
test of comfortable interpersonal distance.
(a) Outline the two possible ways that this computerised test could end for a participant.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Explain one weakness of this study in relation to ethics.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
ĬÕú¾Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÞù·þ×
© UCLES 2025 ĬèĒùÓģĤěÓòüðăßçºñĂ 9990/11/M/J/25
ĥÕõÕõĕÅĕąĕåąÅµÅĕĥÕ
9990_s25_qp_11.pdf 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf 9990_s25_qp_11.pdf
